The impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the Limpopo Province of South Africa

Abstract Africa experienced major fall armyworm outbreaks (Spodoptera frugiperda), which caused direct damage by feeding on farmers’ crops across the continent. This study gauged the impacts of fall armyworms on a subsistence rural farming community in the Limpopo Province of South Africa by first l...

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Main Authors: Tlou D. Raphela, M. Mafadza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Agriculture
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44279-025-00316-2
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author Tlou D. Raphela
M. Mafadza
author_facet Tlou D. Raphela
M. Mafadza
author_sort Tlou D. Raphela
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Africa experienced major fall armyworm outbreaks (Spodoptera frugiperda), which caused direct damage by feeding on farmers’ crops across the continent. This study gauged the impacts of fall armyworms on a subsistence rural farming community in the Limpopo Province of South Africa by first looking at the farmers’ knowledge of this worm infestation. The study further assessed these impacts by determining the mental health and economic implications of the fall armyworm on the community while also looking at the chemical control of the fall armyworm on the farms studied. Lastly, the study assessed the impact of the fall armyworms on the food security of the farmers and their families. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect the data and applied several Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and one ordinal Regression to analyse the data for this study with a sample size of 82. Our study revealed the profound impacts of fall armyworm infestations on four pillars of food security by showing the reduction in crop yield and diversity, increased financial strain on households, deterioration of food quality, and instability in the food supply. All these indicate the need for comprehensive strategies to manage pests that also consider the broader implications for food security and livelihoods. The findings also revealed early signs of psychological distress among farmers, particularly anxiety linked to repeated fall armyworm infestations. There is also a pressing need for policy interventions to provide immediate relief and preparedness strategies to strengthen the resilience of agricultural food systems for rural subsistence farmers. Also, these strategies should ensure responsive food security programs.
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spelling doaj-art-f7c242b71ba4408d8622e28c69964dcb2025-08-24T11:47:00ZengSpringerDiscover Agriculture2731-95982025-08-013111710.1007/s44279-025-00316-2The impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the Limpopo Province of South AfricaTlou D. Raphela0M. Mafadza1Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, University of the Free StateDisaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, University of the Free StateAbstract Africa experienced major fall armyworm outbreaks (Spodoptera frugiperda), which caused direct damage by feeding on farmers’ crops across the continent. This study gauged the impacts of fall armyworms on a subsistence rural farming community in the Limpopo Province of South Africa by first looking at the farmers’ knowledge of this worm infestation. The study further assessed these impacts by determining the mental health and economic implications of the fall armyworm on the community while also looking at the chemical control of the fall armyworm on the farms studied. Lastly, the study assessed the impact of the fall armyworms on the food security of the farmers and their families. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect the data and applied several Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and one ordinal Regression to analyse the data for this study with a sample size of 82. Our study revealed the profound impacts of fall armyworm infestations on four pillars of food security by showing the reduction in crop yield and diversity, increased financial strain on households, deterioration of food quality, and instability in the food supply. All these indicate the need for comprehensive strategies to manage pests that also consider the broader implications for food security and livelihoods. The findings also revealed early signs of psychological distress among farmers, particularly anxiety linked to repeated fall armyworm infestations. There is also a pressing need for policy interventions to provide immediate relief and preparedness strategies to strengthen the resilience of agricultural food systems for rural subsistence farmers. Also, these strategies should ensure responsive food security programs.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44279-025-00316-2PestsSpodoptera frugiperdaFarmersCropsImpacts
spellingShingle Tlou D. Raphela
M. Mafadza
The impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
Discover Agriculture
Pests
Spodoptera frugiperda
Farmers
Crops
Impacts
title The impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
title_full The impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
title_fullStr The impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
title_full_unstemmed The impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
title_short The impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
title_sort impact of fall armyworm on subsistence farmers in the limpopo province of south africa
topic Pests
Spodoptera frugiperda
Farmers
Crops
Impacts
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44279-025-00316-2
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