Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.

<h4>Background</h4>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause significant hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. Its continued burden and the impact of annually reformulated vaccines remain unclear. Here, we present projections of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deat...

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Main Authors: Sung-Mok Jung, Sara L Loo, Emily Howerton, Lucie Contamin, Claire P Smith, Erica C Carcelén, Katie Yan, Samantha J Bents, John Levander, Jessi Espino, Joseph C Lemaitre, Koji Sato, Clifton D McKee, Alison L Hill, Matteo Chinazzi, Jessica T Davis, Kunpeng Mu, Alessandro Vespignani, Erik T Rosenstrom, Sebastian A Rodriguez-Cartes, Julie S Ivy, Maria E Mayorga, Julie L Swann, Guido España, Sean Cavany, Sean M Moore, T Alex Perkins, Shi Chen, Rajib Paul, Daniel Janies, Jean-Claude Thill, Ajitesh Srivastava, Majd Al Aawar, Kaiming Bi, Shraddha Ramdas Bandekar, Anass Bouchnita, Spencer J Fox, Lauren Ancel Meyers, Przemyslaw Porebski, Srini Venkatramanan, Aniruddha Adiga, Benjamin Hurt, Brian Klahn, Joseph Outten, Jiangzhuo Chen, Henning Mortveit, Amanda Wilson, Stefan Hoops, Parantapa Bhattacharya, Dustin Machi, Anil Vullikanti, Bryan Lewis, Madhav Marathe, Harry Hochheiser, Michael C Runge, Katriona Shea, Shaun Truelove, Cécile Viboud, Justin Lessler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-04-01
Series:PLoS Medicine
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004387&type=printable
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author Sung-Mok Jung
Sara L Loo
Emily Howerton
Lucie Contamin
Claire P Smith
Erica C Carcelén
Katie Yan
Samantha J Bents
John Levander
Jessi Espino
Joseph C Lemaitre
Koji Sato
Clifton D McKee
Alison L Hill
Matteo Chinazzi
Jessica T Davis
Kunpeng Mu
Alessandro Vespignani
Erik T Rosenstrom
Sebastian A Rodriguez-Cartes
Julie S Ivy
Maria E Mayorga
Julie L Swann
Guido España
Sean Cavany
Sean M Moore
T Alex Perkins
Shi Chen
Rajib Paul
Daniel Janies
Jean-Claude Thill
Ajitesh Srivastava
Majd Al Aawar
Kaiming Bi
Shraddha Ramdas Bandekar
Anass Bouchnita
Spencer J Fox
Lauren Ancel Meyers
Przemyslaw Porebski
Srini Venkatramanan
Aniruddha Adiga
Benjamin Hurt
Brian Klahn
Joseph Outten
Jiangzhuo Chen
Henning Mortveit
Amanda Wilson
Stefan Hoops
Parantapa Bhattacharya
Dustin Machi
Anil Vullikanti
Bryan Lewis
Madhav Marathe
Harry Hochheiser
Michael C Runge
Katriona Shea
Shaun Truelove
Cécile Viboud
Justin Lessler
author_facet Sung-Mok Jung
Sara L Loo
Emily Howerton
Lucie Contamin
Claire P Smith
Erica C Carcelén
Katie Yan
Samantha J Bents
John Levander
Jessi Espino
Joseph C Lemaitre
Koji Sato
Clifton D McKee
Alison L Hill
Matteo Chinazzi
Jessica T Davis
Kunpeng Mu
Alessandro Vespignani
Erik T Rosenstrom
Sebastian A Rodriguez-Cartes
Julie S Ivy
Maria E Mayorga
Julie L Swann
Guido España
Sean Cavany
Sean M Moore
T Alex Perkins
Shi Chen
Rajib Paul
Daniel Janies
Jean-Claude Thill
Ajitesh Srivastava
Majd Al Aawar
Kaiming Bi
Shraddha Ramdas Bandekar
Anass Bouchnita
Spencer J Fox
Lauren Ancel Meyers
Przemyslaw Porebski
Srini Venkatramanan
Aniruddha Adiga
Benjamin Hurt
Brian Klahn
Joseph Outten
Jiangzhuo Chen
Henning Mortveit
Amanda Wilson
Stefan Hoops
Parantapa Bhattacharya
Dustin Machi
Anil Vullikanti
Bryan Lewis
Madhav Marathe
Harry Hochheiser
Michael C Runge
Katriona Shea
Shaun Truelove
Cécile Viboud
Justin Lessler
author_sort Sung-Mok Jung
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause significant hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. Its continued burden and the impact of annually reformulated vaccines remain unclear. Here, we present projections of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in the United States for the next 2 years under 2 plausible assumptions about immune escape (20% per year and 50% per year) and 3 possible CDC recommendations for the use of annually reformulated vaccines (no recommendation, vaccination for those aged 65 years and over, vaccination for all eligible age groups based on FDA approval).<h4>Methods and findings</h4>The COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub solicited projections of COVID-19 hospitalization and deaths between April 15, 2023 and April 15, 2025 under 6 scenarios representing the intersection of considered levels of immune escape and vaccination. Annually reformulated vaccines are assumed to be 65% effective against symptomatic infection with strains circulating on June 15 of each year and to become available on September 1. Age- and state-specific coverage in recommended groups was assumed to match that seen for the first (fall 2021) COVID-19 booster. State and national projections from 8 modeling teams were ensembled to produce projections for each scenario and expected reductions in disease outcomes due to vaccination over the projection period. From April 15, 2023 to April 15, 2025, COVID-19 is projected to cause annual epidemics peaking November to January. In the most pessimistic scenario (high immune escape, no vaccination recommendation), we project 2.1 million (90% projection interval (PI) [1,438,000, 4,270,000]) hospitalizations and 209,000 (90% PI [139,000, 461,000]) deaths, exceeding pre-pandemic mortality of influenza and pneumonia. In high immune escape scenarios, vaccination of those aged 65+ results in 230,000 (95% confidence interval (CI) [104,000, 355,000]) fewer hospitalizations and 33,000 (95% CI [12,000, 54,000]) fewer deaths, while vaccination of all eligible individuals results in 431,000 (95% CI: 264,000-598,000) fewer hospitalizations and 49,000 (95% CI [29,000, 69,000]) fewer deaths.<h4>Conclusions</h4>COVID-19 is projected to be a significant public health threat over the coming 2 years. Broad vaccination has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of this disease, saving tens of thousands of lives each year.
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language English
publishDate 2024-04-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
series PLoS Medicine
spelling doaj-art-f7a01a06e8a543d79ce8eb85263d9b4f2025-08-20T02:23:27ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Medicine1549-12771549-16762024-04-01214e100438710.1371/journal.pmed.1004387Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.Sung-Mok JungSara L LooEmily HowertonLucie ContaminClaire P SmithErica C CarcelénKatie YanSamantha J BentsJohn LevanderJessi EspinoJoseph C LemaitreKoji SatoClifton D McKeeAlison L HillMatteo ChinazziJessica T DavisKunpeng MuAlessandro VespignaniErik T RosenstromSebastian A Rodriguez-CartesJulie S IvyMaria E MayorgaJulie L SwannGuido EspañaSean CavanySean M MooreT Alex PerkinsShi ChenRajib PaulDaniel JaniesJean-Claude ThillAjitesh SrivastavaMajd Al AawarKaiming BiShraddha Ramdas BandekarAnass BouchnitaSpencer J FoxLauren Ancel MeyersPrzemyslaw PorebskiSrini VenkatramananAniruddha AdigaBenjamin HurtBrian KlahnJoseph OuttenJiangzhuo ChenHenning MortveitAmanda WilsonStefan HoopsParantapa BhattacharyaDustin MachiAnil VullikantiBryan LewisMadhav MaratheHarry HochheiserMichael C RungeKatriona SheaShaun TrueloveCécile ViboudJustin Lessler<h4>Background</h4>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause significant hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. Its continued burden and the impact of annually reformulated vaccines remain unclear. Here, we present projections of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in the United States for the next 2 years under 2 plausible assumptions about immune escape (20% per year and 50% per year) and 3 possible CDC recommendations for the use of annually reformulated vaccines (no recommendation, vaccination for those aged 65 years and over, vaccination for all eligible age groups based on FDA approval).<h4>Methods and findings</h4>The COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub solicited projections of COVID-19 hospitalization and deaths between April 15, 2023 and April 15, 2025 under 6 scenarios representing the intersection of considered levels of immune escape and vaccination. Annually reformulated vaccines are assumed to be 65% effective against symptomatic infection with strains circulating on June 15 of each year and to become available on September 1. Age- and state-specific coverage in recommended groups was assumed to match that seen for the first (fall 2021) COVID-19 booster. State and national projections from 8 modeling teams were ensembled to produce projections for each scenario and expected reductions in disease outcomes due to vaccination over the projection period. From April 15, 2023 to April 15, 2025, COVID-19 is projected to cause annual epidemics peaking November to January. In the most pessimistic scenario (high immune escape, no vaccination recommendation), we project 2.1 million (90% projection interval (PI) [1,438,000, 4,270,000]) hospitalizations and 209,000 (90% PI [139,000, 461,000]) deaths, exceeding pre-pandemic mortality of influenza and pneumonia. In high immune escape scenarios, vaccination of those aged 65+ results in 230,000 (95% confidence interval (CI) [104,000, 355,000]) fewer hospitalizations and 33,000 (95% CI [12,000, 54,000]) fewer deaths, while vaccination of all eligible individuals results in 431,000 (95% CI: 264,000-598,000) fewer hospitalizations and 49,000 (95% CI [29,000, 69,000]) fewer deaths.<h4>Conclusions</h4>COVID-19 is projected to be a significant public health threat over the coming 2 years. Broad vaccination has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of this disease, saving tens of thousands of lives each year.https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004387&type=printable
spellingShingle Sung-Mok Jung
Sara L Loo
Emily Howerton
Lucie Contamin
Claire P Smith
Erica C Carcelén
Katie Yan
Samantha J Bents
John Levander
Jessi Espino
Joseph C Lemaitre
Koji Sato
Clifton D McKee
Alison L Hill
Matteo Chinazzi
Jessica T Davis
Kunpeng Mu
Alessandro Vespignani
Erik T Rosenstrom
Sebastian A Rodriguez-Cartes
Julie S Ivy
Maria E Mayorga
Julie L Swann
Guido España
Sean Cavany
Sean M Moore
T Alex Perkins
Shi Chen
Rajib Paul
Daniel Janies
Jean-Claude Thill
Ajitesh Srivastava
Majd Al Aawar
Kaiming Bi
Shraddha Ramdas Bandekar
Anass Bouchnita
Spencer J Fox
Lauren Ancel Meyers
Przemyslaw Porebski
Srini Venkatramanan
Aniruddha Adiga
Benjamin Hurt
Brian Klahn
Joseph Outten
Jiangzhuo Chen
Henning Mortveit
Amanda Wilson
Stefan Hoops
Parantapa Bhattacharya
Dustin Machi
Anil Vullikanti
Bryan Lewis
Madhav Marathe
Harry Hochheiser
Michael C Runge
Katriona Shea
Shaun Truelove
Cécile Viboud
Justin Lessler
Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.
PLoS Medicine
title Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.
title_full Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.
title_fullStr Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.
title_full_unstemmed Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.
title_short Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub.
title_sort potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated covid 19 vaccines lessons from the us covid 19 scenario modeling hub
url https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004387&type=printable
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