The impact of tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette vaping on salivary biomarkers. A comparative study
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of electronic cigarette vaping and cigarette smoking on the levels of interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor‑β salivary biomarkers compared to non-smokers. Methods: One hundred and fifty people participated in this study; There were 50 pa...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Saudi Dental Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905222000591 |
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