A <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>-Based Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Phytochemicals in Lettuce

This study investigates the potential of a biostimulant derived from the invasive brown alga <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i> (RoB) to enhance lettuce growth and improve its phytochemical profile. The extraction of the biostimulant was optimized through the implementation of a Box–Behnken de...

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Main Authors: Tatiana P. L. Cunha-Chiamolera, Tarik Chileh-Chelh, Mohamed Ezzaitouni, Miguel Urrestarazu, Juan de Dios Carrillo Montalbán, José Luis Guil-Guerrero
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Horticulturae
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/5/558
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author Tatiana P. L. Cunha-Chiamolera
Tarik Chileh-Chelh
Mohamed Ezzaitouni
Miguel Urrestarazu
Juan de Dios Carrillo Montalbán
José Luis Guil-Guerrero
author_facet Tatiana P. L. Cunha-Chiamolera
Tarik Chileh-Chelh
Mohamed Ezzaitouni
Miguel Urrestarazu
Juan de Dios Carrillo Montalbán
José Luis Guil-Guerrero
author_sort Tatiana P. L. Cunha-Chiamolera
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the potential of a biostimulant derived from the invasive brown alga <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i> (RoB) to enhance lettuce growth and improve its phytochemical profile. The extraction of the biostimulant was optimized through the implementation of a Box–Behnken design, and the resulting extract was then compared with a commercial <i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>-based product (AnB). This comparison was made under both optimal and suboptimal fertigation conditions in a controlled, soilless culture. Lettuce plants were monitored for water and nutrient uptake, growth parameters, and accumulation of key phytochemicals such as carotenoids, tocols, sterols, and squalene. RoB significantly increased fresh and dry biomass, with enhanced nitrate and potassium uptake, in comparison to standard nutrient solution controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Treatments incorporating RoB consistently resulted in higher concentrations of lutein, β-sitosterol, and squalene, particularly under suboptimal conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), thus suggesting a strong biostimulant effect that mitigates nutrient stress. Furthermore, principal component analysis demonstrated that biostimulant application induces distinct metabolic profiles, highlighting the coordinated regulation of antioxidant pigments and sterol compounds. The findings support the dual benefits of algae-derived biostimulants in promoting sustainable crop production by improving yield quality and increasing health-promoting phytochemicals, paving the way for innovative, eco-friendly fertilization practices in modern agriculture.
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spelling doaj-art-f7198bbdfa8a4bf4aed9f239d7ff04832025-08-20T02:34:00ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-05-0111555810.3390/horticulturae11050558A <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>-Based Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Phytochemicals in LettuceTatiana P. L. Cunha-Chiamolera0Tarik Chileh-Chelh1Mohamed Ezzaitouni2Miguel Urrestarazu3Juan de Dios Carrillo Montalbán4José Luis Guil-Guerrero5Department of Agronomy, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almeria, SpainFood Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almeria, SpainFood Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almeria, SpainDepartment of Agronomy, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almeria, SpainDepartment of Agronomy, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almeria, SpainFood Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almeria, SpainThis study investigates the potential of a biostimulant derived from the invasive brown alga <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i> (RoB) to enhance lettuce growth and improve its phytochemical profile. The extraction of the biostimulant was optimized through the implementation of a Box–Behnken design, and the resulting extract was then compared with a commercial <i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>-based product (AnB). This comparison was made under both optimal and suboptimal fertigation conditions in a controlled, soilless culture. Lettuce plants were monitored for water and nutrient uptake, growth parameters, and accumulation of key phytochemicals such as carotenoids, tocols, sterols, and squalene. RoB significantly increased fresh and dry biomass, with enhanced nitrate and potassium uptake, in comparison to standard nutrient solution controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Treatments incorporating RoB consistently resulted in higher concentrations of lutein, β-sitosterol, and squalene, particularly under suboptimal conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), thus suggesting a strong biostimulant effect that mitigates nutrient stress. Furthermore, principal component analysis demonstrated that biostimulant application induces distinct metabolic profiles, highlighting the coordinated regulation of antioxidant pigments and sterol compounds. The findings support the dual benefits of algae-derived biostimulants in promoting sustainable crop production by improving yield quality and increasing health-promoting phytochemicals, paving the way for innovative, eco-friendly fertilization practices in modern agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/5/558<i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i><i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>lettucestress tolerancesoilless culturebiostimulant
spellingShingle Tatiana P. L. Cunha-Chiamolera
Tarik Chileh-Chelh
Mohamed Ezzaitouni
Miguel Urrestarazu
Juan de Dios Carrillo Montalbán
José Luis Guil-Guerrero
A <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>-Based Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Phytochemicals in Lettuce
Horticulturae
<i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>
<i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>
lettuce
stress tolerance
soilless culture
biostimulant
title A <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>-Based Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Phytochemicals in Lettuce
title_full A <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>-Based Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Phytochemicals in Lettuce
title_fullStr A <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>-Based Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Phytochemicals in Lettuce
title_full_unstemmed A <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>-Based Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Phytochemicals in Lettuce
title_short A <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>-Based Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Phytochemicals in Lettuce
title_sort i rugulopteryx okamurae i based biostimulant enhances growth and phytochemicals in lettuce
topic <i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>
<i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i>
lettuce
stress tolerance
soilless culture
biostimulant
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/5/558
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