LIG-Based High-Sensitivity Multiplexed Sensing System for Simultaneous Monitoring of Metabolites and Electrolytes
With improvements in medical environments and the widespread use of smartphones, interest in wearable biosensors for continuous body monitoring is growing. We developed a wearable multiplexed bio-sensing system that non-invasively monitors body fluids and integrates with a smartphone application. Th...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/21/6945 |
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| author | Sang Hyun Park James Jungho Pak |
| author_facet | Sang Hyun Park James Jungho Pak |
| author_sort | Sang Hyun Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With improvements in medical environments and the widespread use of smartphones, interest in wearable biosensors for continuous body monitoring is growing. We developed a wearable multiplexed bio-sensing system that non-invasively monitors body fluids and integrates with a smartphone application. The system includes sensors, readout circuits, and a microcontroller unit (MCU) for signal processing and wireless communication. Potentiometric and amperometric measurement methods were used, with calibration capabilities added to ensure accurate readings of analyte concentrations and temperature. Laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based sensors for glucose, lactate, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, and temperature were developed for fast, cost-effective production. The LIG electrode’s 3D porous structure provided an active surface area 16 times larger than its apparent area, resulting in enhanced sensor performance. The glucose and lactate sensors exhibited high sensitivity (168.15 and 872.08 μAmM<sup>−1</sup>cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively) and low detection limits (0.191 and 0.167 μM, respectively). The Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> sensors demonstrated sensitivities of 65.26 and 62.19 mVdec<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in a concentration range of 0.01–100 mM. Temperature sensors showed an average rate of resistance change per °C of 0.25%/°C, within a temperature range of 20–40 °C, providing accurate body temperature monitoring. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f709f46c35d541ddbe9d98e17c1b3729 |
| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-f709f46c35d541ddbe9d98e17c1b37292025-08-20T02:49:55ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-10-012421694510.3390/s24216945LIG-Based High-Sensitivity Multiplexed Sensing System for Simultaneous Monitoring of Metabolites and ElectrolytesSang Hyun Park0James Jungho Pak1School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaWith improvements in medical environments and the widespread use of smartphones, interest in wearable biosensors for continuous body monitoring is growing. We developed a wearable multiplexed bio-sensing system that non-invasively monitors body fluids and integrates with a smartphone application. The system includes sensors, readout circuits, and a microcontroller unit (MCU) for signal processing and wireless communication. Potentiometric and amperometric measurement methods were used, with calibration capabilities added to ensure accurate readings of analyte concentrations and temperature. Laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based sensors for glucose, lactate, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, and temperature were developed for fast, cost-effective production. The LIG electrode’s 3D porous structure provided an active surface area 16 times larger than its apparent area, resulting in enhanced sensor performance. The glucose and lactate sensors exhibited high sensitivity (168.15 and 872.08 μAmM<sup>−1</sup>cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively) and low detection limits (0.191 and 0.167 μM, respectively). The Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> sensors demonstrated sensitivities of 65.26 and 62.19 mVdec<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in a concentration range of 0.01–100 mM. Temperature sensors showed an average rate of resistance change per °C of 0.25%/°C, within a temperature range of 20–40 °C, providing accurate body temperature monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/21/6945wearable biosensorlaser-induced grapheneglucose sensorlactate sensorNa<sup>+</sup> sensorK<sup>+</sup> sensor |
| spellingShingle | Sang Hyun Park James Jungho Pak LIG-Based High-Sensitivity Multiplexed Sensing System for Simultaneous Monitoring of Metabolites and Electrolytes Sensors wearable biosensor laser-induced graphene glucose sensor lactate sensor Na<sup>+</sup> sensor K<sup>+</sup> sensor |
| title | LIG-Based High-Sensitivity Multiplexed Sensing System for Simultaneous Monitoring of Metabolites and Electrolytes |
| title_full | LIG-Based High-Sensitivity Multiplexed Sensing System for Simultaneous Monitoring of Metabolites and Electrolytes |
| title_fullStr | LIG-Based High-Sensitivity Multiplexed Sensing System for Simultaneous Monitoring of Metabolites and Electrolytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | LIG-Based High-Sensitivity Multiplexed Sensing System for Simultaneous Monitoring of Metabolites and Electrolytes |
| title_short | LIG-Based High-Sensitivity Multiplexed Sensing System for Simultaneous Monitoring of Metabolites and Electrolytes |
| title_sort | lig based high sensitivity multiplexed sensing system for simultaneous monitoring of metabolites and electrolytes |
| topic | wearable biosensor laser-induced graphene glucose sensor lactate sensor Na<sup>+</sup> sensor K<sup>+</sup> sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/21/6945 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sanghyunpark ligbasedhighsensitivitymultiplexedsensingsystemforsimultaneousmonitoringofmetabolitesandelectrolytes AT jamesjunghopak ligbasedhighsensitivitymultiplexedsensingsystemforsimultaneousmonitoringofmetabolitesandelectrolytes |