Evaluating the impact of an after-school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio-economic backgrounds in the U.S.
The study examined the effect of a 5-week Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on overhand throw skills and perceived motor competence in students from low socio-economic backgrounds. Participants were children recruited from a Title 1 school in the Southwest U.S. Students were ass...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1500723/full |
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| author | Omar Albaloul Omar Albaloul Kahyun Nam Pamela Hodges Kulinna Conner Acri |
| author_facet | Omar Albaloul Omar Albaloul Kahyun Nam Pamela Hodges Kulinna Conner Acri |
| author_sort | Omar Albaloul |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study examined the effect of a 5-week Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on overhand throw skills and perceived motor competence in students from low socio-economic backgrounds. Participants were children recruited from a Title 1 school in the Southwest U.S. Students were assigned to either CSPAP condition (n = 60, 26 boys, 34 girls; Mgrade = 4.27, SD = .43) or a control condition (n = 20, 7 boys, 13 girls; Mgrade = 4.00, SD = .35). Overhand throwing and perceived motor competence were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development—2nd Edition and Perceived Motor Competence for Children (PMC-C). The Analysis of Covariance test showed that students who participated in the CSPAP performed statistically significant improvements in the overhand throw compared to control students in the post-test p < .001, with a moderate effect size. However, there was no significant difference in the PMC-C score after the 5-week intervention between the CSPAP students and control students. CSPAP can improve overhand throwing in students from low-income families, but new strategies are needed to enhance perceived motor competence in after-school contexts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f700c57f77b94d51926caf1eb426c635 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj-art-f700c57f77b94d51926caf1eb426c6352025-01-27T06:41:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672025-01-01710.3389/fspor.2025.15007231500723Evaluating the impact of an after-school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio-economic backgrounds in the U.S.Omar Albaloul0Omar Albaloul1Kahyun Nam2Pamela Hodges Kulinna3Conner Acri4Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, United StatesKuwait University, Kuwait City, KuwaitUniversity of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United StatesMary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, United StatesMary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, United StatesThe study examined the effect of a 5-week Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on overhand throw skills and perceived motor competence in students from low socio-economic backgrounds. Participants were children recruited from a Title 1 school in the Southwest U.S. Students were assigned to either CSPAP condition (n = 60, 26 boys, 34 girls; Mgrade = 4.27, SD = .43) or a control condition (n = 20, 7 boys, 13 girls; Mgrade = 4.00, SD = .35). Overhand throwing and perceived motor competence were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development—2nd Edition and Perceived Motor Competence for Children (PMC-C). The Analysis of Covariance test showed that students who participated in the CSPAP performed statistically significant improvements in the overhand throw compared to control students in the post-test p < .001, with a moderate effect size. However, there was no significant difference in the PMC-C score after the 5-week intervention between the CSPAP students and control students. CSPAP can improve overhand throwing in students from low-income families, but new strategies are needed to enhance perceived motor competence in after-school contexts.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1500723/fullmotor skillphysical activityphysical educationPETECSPAPphysical literacy |
| spellingShingle | Omar Albaloul Omar Albaloul Kahyun Nam Pamela Hodges Kulinna Conner Acri Evaluating the impact of an after-school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio-economic backgrounds in the U.S. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living motor skill physical activity physical education PETE CSPAP physical literacy |
| title | Evaluating the impact of an after-school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio-economic backgrounds in the U.S. |
| title_full | Evaluating the impact of an after-school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio-economic backgrounds in the U.S. |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the impact of an after-school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio-economic backgrounds in the U.S. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the impact of an after-school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio-economic backgrounds in the U.S. |
| title_short | Evaluating the impact of an after-school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio-economic backgrounds in the U.S. |
| title_sort | evaluating the impact of an after school program on overhand throwing and perceived motor competence among students from low socio economic backgrounds in the u s |
| topic | motor skill physical activity physical education PETE CSPAP physical literacy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1500723/full |
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