Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy
Abstract Background The present research work was done to evaluate the anatomical differences among selected species of the family Bignoniaceae, as limited anatomical data is available for this family in Pakistan. Bignoniaceae is a remarkable family for its various medicinal properties and anatomica...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06098-5 |
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| author | Romisha Sonia Shabnum Shaheen Muhammad Waheed Sana Imran Shiekh Marifatul Haq Murad Muhammad Abeer Hashem Samiha Al Shehri Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah |
| author_facet | Romisha Sonia Shabnum Shaheen Muhammad Waheed Sana Imran Shiekh Marifatul Haq Murad Muhammad Abeer Hashem Samiha Al Shehri Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah |
| author_sort | Romisha Sonia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The present research work was done to evaluate the anatomical differences among selected species of the family Bignoniaceae, as limited anatomical data is available for this family in Pakistan. Bignoniaceae is a remarkable family for its various medicinal properties and anatomical characterization is an important feature for the identification and classification of plants. Methodology : In this study, several anatomical structures were examined, including stomata type and shape, leaf epidermis shape, epidermal cell size, and the presence or absence of trichomes and crystals (e.g., prisms, raphides, and druses). Three statistical tools—heat map analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA)—were used to highlight distinctions and similarities among the species. Results On both the upper and lower leaf surfaces, polygonal, irregular, and hexagonal epidermal cells with thick cell walls were observed. Three patterns of anticlinal cell walls were detected: curved, straight, and sinuous. Distinct stomatal types were also identified across the different species. For instance, sunken stomata were observed in Kigelia africana and Jacaranda mimosaefolia, while anomocytic stomata were found in Oroxylum indicum, Pyrostegia venusta, Tecoma stans, Tecomella undulata, Mansoa alliacea, Heterophragma adenophylla, Handroanthus impetiginosus, Campsis radicans, and Anemopaegma chamberlaynii. Paracytic stomata were examined in B. callistegioides and Dolichandra unguis-cati. Tabebuia aurea was the only species with Tetracytic stomata. A contiguous type of stomata was only observed in Millingtonia hortensis. This family contained three types of trichomes. Glandular peltate trichomes contained a basal epidermal cell, a very small monocellular stalk and a circular or round multicellular head containing 12 cells arranged in a single circle. Non-glandular trichomes had a thin apex without a head and a pointed end. Branched trichomes contained several arms arising from a common base. Conclusion This anatomical examination, using advanced microscopic techniques, is the first to classify several species that are not listed in the e-flora of Pakistan. Leaf anatomical research has proven valuable in resolving challenging taxonomic issues. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f6fcc2bb4c9f4067b43874e4b46afd3a |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-f6fcc2bb4c9f4067b43874e4b46afd3a2025-02-02T12:15:23ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-01-0125112010.1186/s12870-025-06098-5Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopyRomisha Sonia0Shabnum Shaheen1Muhammad Waheed2Sana Imran3Shiekh Marifatul Haq4Murad Muhammad5Abeer Hashem6Samiha Al Shehri7Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah8Deprtment of Botany, Lahore College for Women UniversityDeprtment of Botany, Lahore College for Women UniversityDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of OkaraDeprtment of Botany, Lahore College for Women UniversityDepartment of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State UniversityState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of SciencesBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud UniversityPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityAbstract Background The present research work was done to evaluate the anatomical differences among selected species of the family Bignoniaceae, as limited anatomical data is available for this family in Pakistan. Bignoniaceae is a remarkable family for its various medicinal properties and anatomical characterization is an important feature for the identification and classification of plants. Methodology : In this study, several anatomical structures were examined, including stomata type and shape, leaf epidermis shape, epidermal cell size, and the presence or absence of trichomes and crystals (e.g., prisms, raphides, and druses). Three statistical tools—heat map analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA)—were used to highlight distinctions and similarities among the species. Results On both the upper and lower leaf surfaces, polygonal, irregular, and hexagonal epidermal cells with thick cell walls were observed. Three patterns of anticlinal cell walls were detected: curved, straight, and sinuous. Distinct stomatal types were also identified across the different species. For instance, sunken stomata were observed in Kigelia africana and Jacaranda mimosaefolia, while anomocytic stomata were found in Oroxylum indicum, Pyrostegia venusta, Tecoma stans, Tecomella undulata, Mansoa alliacea, Heterophragma adenophylla, Handroanthus impetiginosus, Campsis radicans, and Anemopaegma chamberlaynii. Paracytic stomata were examined in B. callistegioides and Dolichandra unguis-cati. Tabebuia aurea was the only species with Tetracytic stomata. A contiguous type of stomata was only observed in Millingtonia hortensis. This family contained three types of trichomes. Glandular peltate trichomes contained a basal epidermal cell, a very small monocellular stalk and a circular or round multicellular head containing 12 cells arranged in a single circle. Non-glandular trichomes had a thin apex without a head and a pointed end. Branched trichomes contained several arms arising from a common base. Conclusion This anatomical examination, using advanced microscopic techniques, is the first to classify several species that are not listed in the e-flora of Pakistan. Leaf anatomical research has proven valuable in resolving challenging taxonomic issues.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06098-5BignoniaceaeStomataTrichomesPCACorrelation analysisHeat Map Analysis |
| spellingShingle | Romisha Sonia Shabnum Shaheen Muhammad Waheed Sana Imran Shiekh Marifatul Haq Murad Muhammad Abeer Hashem Samiha Al Shehri Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy BMC Plant Biology Bignoniaceae Stomata Trichomes PCA Correlation analysis Heat Map Analysis |
| title | Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy |
| title_full | Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy |
| title_fullStr | Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy |
| title_short | Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy |
| title_sort | anatomical characterization of semi arid bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy |
| topic | Bignoniaceae Stomata Trichomes PCA Correlation analysis Heat Map Analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06098-5 |
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