Genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stress

Abstract Background Prioritizing wild relative diversity for improving crop adaptation to emerging drought-prone environments is challenging. Here, we combine the genome-wide environmental scans (GWES) in wheat diploid ancestor Aegilops tauschii (Ae. tauschii) with allele testing in the genetic back...

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Main Authors: Moses Nyine, Dwight Davidson, Elina Adhikari, Marshall Clinesmith, Huan Wang, Alina Akhunova, Allan Fritz, Eduard Akhunov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Genome Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03500-1
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author Moses Nyine
Dwight Davidson
Elina Adhikari
Marshall Clinesmith
Huan Wang
Alina Akhunova
Allan Fritz
Eduard Akhunov
author_facet Moses Nyine
Dwight Davidson
Elina Adhikari
Marshall Clinesmith
Huan Wang
Alina Akhunova
Allan Fritz
Eduard Akhunov
author_sort Moses Nyine
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Prioritizing wild relative diversity for improving crop adaptation to emerging drought-prone environments is challenging. Here, we combine the genome-wide environmental scans (GWES) in wheat diploid ancestor Aegilops tauschii (Ae. tauschii) with allele testing in the genetic backgrounds of adapted cultivars to identify diversity for improving wheat adaptation to water-limiting conditions. Results We evaluate the adaptive allele effects in Ae. tauschii-wheat introgression lines phenotyped for multiple traits under irrigated and water-limiting conditions using both unmanned aerial system-based imaging and conventional approaches. The GWES show that climatic gradients alone explain more than half of genomic variation in Ae. tauschii, with many alleles associated with climatic factors in Ae. tauschii being linked with improved performance of introgression lines under water-limiting conditions. We find that the most significant GWES signals associated with temperature annual range in the wild relative are linked with reduced canopy temperature in introgression lines and increased yield. Conclusions Our results suggest that introgression of climate-adaptive alleles from Ae. tauschii has the potential to improve wheat performance under water-limiting conditions, and that variants controlling physiological processes responsible for maintaining leaf temperature are likely among the targets of adaptive selection in a wild relative. Adaptive variation uncovered by GWES in wild relatives has the potential to improve climate resilience of crop varieties.
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spelling doaj-art-f6bffc9c77334dfd97ff6cb98d2c873d2025-08-20T02:15:11ZengBMCGenome Biology1474-760X2025-02-0126112410.1186/s13059-025-03500-1Genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stressMoses Nyine0Dwight Davidson1Elina Adhikari2Marshall Clinesmith3Huan Wang4Alina Akhunova5Allan Fritz6Eduard Akhunov7Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Plant Pathology, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Plant Pathology, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Agronomy, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Plant Pathology, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Plant Pathology, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Agronomy, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Plant Pathology, Kansas State UniversityAbstract Background Prioritizing wild relative diversity for improving crop adaptation to emerging drought-prone environments is challenging. Here, we combine the genome-wide environmental scans (GWES) in wheat diploid ancestor Aegilops tauschii (Ae. tauschii) with allele testing in the genetic backgrounds of adapted cultivars to identify diversity for improving wheat adaptation to water-limiting conditions. Results We evaluate the adaptive allele effects in Ae. tauschii-wheat introgression lines phenotyped for multiple traits under irrigated and water-limiting conditions using both unmanned aerial system-based imaging and conventional approaches. The GWES show that climatic gradients alone explain more than half of genomic variation in Ae. tauschii, with many alleles associated with climatic factors in Ae. tauschii being linked with improved performance of introgression lines under water-limiting conditions. We find that the most significant GWES signals associated with temperature annual range in the wild relative are linked with reduced canopy temperature in introgression lines and increased yield. Conclusions Our results suggest that introgression of climate-adaptive alleles from Ae. tauschii has the potential to improve wheat performance under water-limiting conditions, and that variants controlling physiological processes responsible for maintaining leaf temperature are likely among the targets of adaptive selection in a wild relative. Adaptive variation uncovered by GWES in wild relatives has the potential to improve climate resilience of crop varieties.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03500-1WheatWild relativesAegilops tauschiiDrought toleranceEnvironmental adaptationIntrogression
spellingShingle Moses Nyine
Dwight Davidson
Elina Adhikari
Marshall Clinesmith
Huan Wang
Alina Akhunova
Allan Fritz
Eduard Akhunov
Genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stress
Genome Biology
Wheat
Wild relatives
Aegilops tauschii
Drought tolerance
Environmental adaptation
Introgression
title Genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stress
title_full Genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stress
title_fullStr Genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stress
title_full_unstemmed Genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stress
title_short Genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stress
title_sort genomic signals of ecogeographic adaptation in a wild relative are associated with improved wheat performance under drought stress
topic Wheat
Wild relatives
Aegilops tauschii
Drought tolerance
Environmental adaptation
Introgression
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03500-1
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