Analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on GC-IMS and LC-MS metabolomics techniques

This study aimed to investigate the differences in volatile compound composition and metabolites in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions of Yunnan. Cigar tobacco leaves from various regions and varieties in Yunnan were analysed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and non-target...

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Main Authors: Dan Chen, Liang Feng, Haowei Sun, Risheng Zhong, Chunqiong Wang, Xiaowei Zhang, Ke Zhang, Ling-duo Bu, Wanlong Yang, Kai Liu, Haitao Chen, Shuqi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1557190/full
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author Dan Chen
Liang Feng
Haowei Sun
Risheng Zhong
Chunqiong Wang
Xiaowei Zhang
Ke Zhang
Ling-duo Bu
Wanlong Yang
Kai Liu
Haitao Chen
Shuqi Wang
author_facet Dan Chen
Liang Feng
Haowei Sun
Risheng Zhong
Chunqiong Wang
Xiaowei Zhang
Ke Zhang
Ling-duo Bu
Wanlong Yang
Kai Liu
Haitao Chen
Shuqi Wang
author_sort Dan Chen
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to investigate the differences in volatile compound composition and metabolites in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions of Yunnan. Cigar tobacco leaves from various regions and varieties in Yunnan were analysed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and non-targeted metabolomics techniques. Results showed that 109 volatile compounds, including 26 esters, 17 aldehydes, 14 alcohols, 14 ketones, 9 olefins, 5 pyrazines, 4 ethers, 4 acids and 16 others, were identified in cigar tobacco leaves. Through GC-IMS analysis of volatile compounds in cigar tobacco from 10 regions, 1-methylethyl acetate, diethyl acetal, butanal, 1-hexanol, pyridine, and toluene were identified as common compounds with consistently high content across all regions. For regional characteristics, BS-Y1-1 is featured by high levels of 2,3-diethyl-6-methylpyrazine and phenylacetaldehyde; PE-Y2 shows the highest content of 3-methyl-1-pentanol; and WS-Y38 is characterised by significantly high levels of butan-2-one. These differences reflect the uniqueness of volatile components in cigar tobacco from different producing areas. The volatile compounds in Yunnan cigar tobacco leaves were greatly influenced by the origin and species, with cigar tobacco leaves from the Baoshan region differing from those in other regions. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were the main metabolic pathways, and their metabolites contributed to the formation of flavour in Yunnan cigar tobacco leaves.
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spelling doaj-art-f6bf8732068d4bd4b671c6b44bbfab792025-08-20T02:19:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-04-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15571901557190Analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on GC-IMS and LC-MS metabolomics techniquesDan Chen0Liang Feng1Haowei Sun2Risheng Zhong3Chunqiong Wang4Xiaowei Zhang5Ke Zhang6Ling-duo Bu7Wanlong Yang8Kai Liu9Haitao Chen10Shuqi Wang11Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, ChinaYunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, ChinaYunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaYunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaYunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaYunnan Tobacco Company, Yuxi, Yunnan, ChinaYunnan Oriental Tobacco Company, Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaYunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, ChinaThis study aimed to investigate the differences in volatile compound composition and metabolites in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions of Yunnan. Cigar tobacco leaves from various regions and varieties in Yunnan were analysed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and non-targeted metabolomics techniques. Results showed that 109 volatile compounds, including 26 esters, 17 aldehydes, 14 alcohols, 14 ketones, 9 olefins, 5 pyrazines, 4 ethers, 4 acids and 16 others, were identified in cigar tobacco leaves. Through GC-IMS analysis of volatile compounds in cigar tobacco from 10 regions, 1-methylethyl acetate, diethyl acetal, butanal, 1-hexanol, pyridine, and toluene were identified as common compounds with consistently high content across all regions. For regional characteristics, BS-Y1-1 is featured by high levels of 2,3-diethyl-6-methylpyrazine and phenylacetaldehyde; PE-Y2 shows the highest content of 3-methyl-1-pentanol; and WS-Y38 is characterised by significantly high levels of butan-2-one. These differences reflect the uniqueness of volatile components in cigar tobacco from different producing areas. The volatile compounds in Yunnan cigar tobacco leaves were greatly influenced by the origin and species, with cigar tobacco leaves from the Baoshan region differing from those in other regions. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were the main metabolic pathways, and their metabolites contributed to the formation of flavour in Yunnan cigar tobacco leaves.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1557190/fullLC-MSregional differenceschemical compositionvolatile compoundschemometrics
spellingShingle Dan Chen
Liang Feng
Haowei Sun
Risheng Zhong
Chunqiong Wang
Xiaowei Zhang
Ke Zhang
Ling-duo Bu
Wanlong Yang
Kai Liu
Haitao Chen
Shuqi Wang
Analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on GC-IMS and LC-MS metabolomics techniques
Frontiers in Plant Science
LC-MS
regional differences
chemical composition
volatile compounds
chemometrics
title Analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on GC-IMS and LC-MS metabolomics techniques
title_full Analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on GC-IMS and LC-MS metabolomics techniques
title_fullStr Analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on GC-IMS and LC-MS metabolomics techniques
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on GC-IMS and LC-MS metabolomics techniques
title_short Analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on GC-IMS and LC-MS metabolomics techniques
title_sort analysis of differences in cigar tobacco leaves from different regions based on gc ims and lc ms metabolomics techniques
topic LC-MS
regional differences
chemical composition
volatile compounds
chemometrics
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1557190/full
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