An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25
Interplanetary (IP) shocks are fundamental constituents of the heliosphere, where they form as a result of solar activity. We use previously unavailable measurements of IP shocks in the inner heliosphere provided by Solar Orbiter, and present a survey of the first 100 shocks observed in situ at diff...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ada4a7 |
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| author | Domenico Trotta Andrew Dimmock Heli Hietala Xochitl Blanco-Cano Timothy S. Horbury Rami Vainio Nina Dresing Immanuel Christopher Jebaraj Francisco Espinosa Lara Raúl Gómez-Herrero Javier Rodriguez-Pacheco Yulia Kartavykh David Lario Jan Gieseler Miho Janvier Milan Maksimovic Nasrin Talebpour Sheshvan Christopher J. Owen Emilia K. J. Kilpua Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber |
| author_facet | Domenico Trotta Andrew Dimmock Heli Hietala Xochitl Blanco-Cano Timothy S. Horbury Rami Vainio Nina Dresing Immanuel Christopher Jebaraj Francisco Espinosa Lara Raúl Gómez-Herrero Javier Rodriguez-Pacheco Yulia Kartavykh David Lario Jan Gieseler Miho Janvier Milan Maksimovic Nasrin Talebpour Sheshvan Christopher J. Owen Emilia K. J. Kilpua Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber |
| author_sort | Domenico Trotta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interplanetary (IP) shocks are fundamental constituents of the heliosphere, where they form as a result of solar activity. We use previously unavailable measurements of IP shocks in the inner heliosphere provided by Solar Orbiter, and present a survey of the first 100 shocks observed in situ at different heliocentric distances during the rising phase of solar cycle 25. The fundamental shock parameters (shock normals, shock normal angles, shock speeds, compression ratios, Mach numbers) have been estimated and studied as a function of heliocentric distance, revealing a rich scenario of configurations. Comparison with large surveys of shocks at 1 au shows that shocks in the quasi-parallel regime and with high speed are more commonly observed in the inner heliosphere. The wave environment of the shocks has also been addressed, with about 50% of the events exhibiting clear shock-induced upstream fluctuations. We characterize energetic particle responses to the passage of IP shocks at different energies, often revealing complex features arising from the interaction between IP shocks and preexisting fluctuations, including solar wind structures being processed upon shock crossing. Finally, we give details and guidance on the access use of the present survey, available on the EU-project “Solar Energetic Particle Analysis Platform for the Inner Heliosphere” website. The algorithm used to identify shocks in large data sets, now publicly available, is also described. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f678015798b747c389facac6e2ec7e7a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0067-0049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
| spelling | doaj-art-f678015798b747c389facac6e2ec7e7a2025-02-10T11:09:12ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series0067-00492025-01-012771210.3847/1538-4365/ada4a7An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25Domenico Trotta0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-8897Andrew Dimmock1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-6711Heli Hietala2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-1255Xochitl Blanco-Cano3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7171-0673Timothy S. Horbury4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-4690Rami Vainio5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-2067Nina Dresing6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-4649Immanuel Christopher Jebaraj7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-7172Francisco Espinosa Lara8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-8822Raúl Gómez-Herrero9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-9236Javier Rodriguez-Pacheco10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4240-1115Yulia Kartavykh11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-6992David Lario12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-8704Jan Gieseler13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-7067Miho Janvier14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6203-5239Milan Maksimovic15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6172-5062Nasrin Talebpour Sheshvan16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-9047Christopher J. Owen17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-4667Emilia K. J. Kilpua18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-8073Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7388-173XEuropean Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) , Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain ; domenico.trotta@esa.int; The Blackett Laboratory , Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKSwedish Institute of Space Physics , 751 21 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, UKDepartamento de Ciencias Espaciales, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad Universitaria, 04150 Ciudad de México, MexicoThe Blackett Laboratory , Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, FinlandDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, FinlandDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, FinlandUniversidad de Alcalá , Space Research Group, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá , Space Research Group, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, SpainUniversidad de Alcalá , Space Research Group, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, SpainInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , D-24118 Kiel, GermanyHeliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, FinlandEuropean Space Agency , ESTEC, Noordwijk, The NetherlandsLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL , CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, FinlandDepartment of Space and Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , D-24118 Kiel, GermanyInterplanetary (IP) shocks are fundamental constituents of the heliosphere, where they form as a result of solar activity. We use previously unavailable measurements of IP shocks in the inner heliosphere provided by Solar Orbiter, and present a survey of the first 100 shocks observed in situ at different heliocentric distances during the rising phase of solar cycle 25. The fundamental shock parameters (shock normals, shock normal angles, shock speeds, compression ratios, Mach numbers) have been estimated and studied as a function of heliocentric distance, revealing a rich scenario of configurations. Comparison with large surveys of shocks at 1 au shows that shocks in the quasi-parallel regime and with high speed are more commonly observed in the inner heliosphere. The wave environment of the shocks has also been addressed, with about 50% of the events exhibiting clear shock-induced upstream fluctuations. We characterize energetic particle responses to the passage of IP shocks at different energies, often revealing complex features arising from the interaction between IP shocks and preexisting fluctuations, including solar wind structures being processed upon shock crossing. Finally, we give details and guidance on the access use of the present survey, available on the EU-project “Solar Energetic Particle Analysis Platform for the Inner Heliosphere” website. The algorithm used to identify shocks in large data sets, now publicly available, is also described.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ada4a7Interplanetary shocksSpace plasmasSolar activityInterplanetary particle acceleration |
| spellingShingle | Domenico Trotta Andrew Dimmock Heli Hietala Xochitl Blanco-Cano Timothy S. Horbury Rami Vainio Nina Dresing Immanuel Christopher Jebaraj Francisco Espinosa Lara Raúl Gómez-Herrero Javier Rodriguez-Pacheco Yulia Kartavykh David Lario Jan Gieseler Miho Janvier Milan Maksimovic Nasrin Talebpour Sheshvan Christopher J. Owen Emilia K. J. Kilpua Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Interplanetary shocks Space plasmas Solar activity Interplanetary particle acceleration |
| title | An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_full | An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_short | An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_sort | overview of solar orbiter observations of interplanetary shocks in solar cycle 25 |
| topic | Interplanetary shocks Space plasmas Solar activity Interplanetary particle acceleration |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ada4a7 |
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