Impact of Dietary Factors on Thyroid Function and Disorders
Thyroid health is intricately linked to nutritional status, as multiple micronutrients and dietary components modulate hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, and immune function. The increasing global prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders, particularly Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, u...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kazimierz Wielki University
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Education, Health and Sport |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/60580 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850092101151227904 |
|---|---|
| author | Maksymilian Czarnota Maria Wojcieszek Dominika Gacka Aleksandra Żołnierek Katarzyna Gondek Magdalena Fidelis Aleksandra Mączyńska Wiktoria Szumlińska Noor Al-karawi Paulina Kędziorek Zuzanna Tanç |
| author_facet | Maksymilian Czarnota Maria Wojcieszek Dominika Gacka Aleksandra Żołnierek Katarzyna Gondek Magdalena Fidelis Aleksandra Mączyńska Wiktoria Szumlińska Noor Al-karawi Paulina Kędziorek Zuzanna Tanç |
| author_sort | Maksymilian Czarnota |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Thyroid health is intricately linked to nutritional status, as multiple micronutrients and dietary components modulate hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, and immune function. The increasing global prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders, particularly Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, underscores the need to examine the influence of modifiable dietary factors on thyroid pathophysiology. This narrative review aimed to evaluate current evidence on the role of nutrition—especially micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D—in thyroid function and autoimmunity. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus to identify relevant human studies published between January 2002 and March 2025. A total of forty-one peer-reviewed articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and assessed for scientific rigor and relevance. The evidence confirms the critical involvement of iodine and selenium in thyroid hormone synthesis and immune modulation, while iron and zinc were found to support enzymatic activity and endocrine stability. Vitamin D emerged as a potential immunoregulatory agent in autoimmune thyroid disease. Furthermore, certain macronutrients—including high-quality proteins, fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids—as well as dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, were associated with favorable thyroid outcomes. Conversely, the intake of goitrogenic foods and soy isoflavones may necessitate caution in predisposed individuals. These findings highlight the relevance of individualized, evidence-based nutritional strategies as adjunctive approaches in the prevention and clinical management of thyroid disorders.
|
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f6203d5e5fa4477795fdc28ff983e883 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2391-8306 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Kazimierz Wielki University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Education, Health and Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-f6203d5e5fa4477795fdc28ff983e8832025-08-20T02:42:12ZengKazimierz Wielki UniversityJournal of Education, Health and Sport2391-83062025-06-018210.12775/JEHS.2025.82.60580Impact of Dietary Factors on Thyroid Function and DisordersMaksymilian Czarnota0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9322-4494Maria Wojcieszek1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3807-7317Dominika Gacka2https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7444-0326Aleksandra Żołnierek3https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0396-4479Katarzyna Gondek4https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2833-8287Magdalena Fidelis5https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7356-8065Aleksandra Mączyńska6https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6887-8188Wiktoria Szumlińska7https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5286-4228Noor Al-karawi8https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6647-1520Paulina Kędziorek9https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8126-5803Zuzanna Tanç10https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3030-7592Szpital Morski im. PCK w GdyniMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandSzpital Morski im. PCK, ul. Powstania Styczniowego 1, 81-519 Gdynia, PolandSpecjalistyczna Przychodnia Lekarska dla Pracowników Wojska SPZOZ w Warszawie, Nowowiejska 31, 00-665 Warszawa, PolandPIM MSWiA w Warszawie, ul.Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warszawa, PolandSzpital Morski im. PCK, ul. Powstania Styczniowego 1, 81-519 Gdynia, PolandLUX MED Sp. z o.o., ul. Szturmowa 2, 02-678 WarszawaPIM MSWiA w Warszawie, ul.Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warszawa, PolandPIM MSWiA w Warszawie, ul.Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warszawa, PolandSPZOZ - ZZ im. Duńskiego Czerwonego Krzyża, ul. Wincentego Witosa 2, 06-200 Maków MazowieckiSPZOZ - ZZ im. Duńskiego Czerwonego Krzyża, ul. Wincentego Witosa 2, 06-200 Maków Mazowiecki Thyroid health is intricately linked to nutritional status, as multiple micronutrients and dietary components modulate hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, and immune function. The increasing global prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders, particularly Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, underscores the need to examine the influence of modifiable dietary factors on thyroid pathophysiology. This narrative review aimed to evaluate current evidence on the role of nutrition—especially micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D—in thyroid function and autoimmunity. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus to identify relevant human studies published between January 2002 and March 2025. A total of forty-one peer-reviewed articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and assessed for scientific rigor and relevance. The evidence confirms the critical involvement of iodine and selenium in thyroid hormone synthesis and immune modulation, while iron and zinc were found to support enzymatic activity and endocrine stability. Vitamin D emerged as a potential immunoregulatory agent in autoimmune thyroid disease. Furthermore, certain macronutrients—including high-quality proteins, fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids—as well as dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, were associated with favorable thyroid outcomes. Conversely, the intake of goitrogenic foods and soy isoflavones may necessitate caution in predisposed individuals. These findings highlight the relevance of individualized, evidence-based nutritional strategies as adjunctive approaches in the prevention and clinical management of thyroid disorders. https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/60580Thyroid functionAutoimmune thyroid diseaseNutritional factorsMicronutrientsDietary supplementationHashimoto’s thyroiditis |
| spellingShingle | Maksymilian Czarnota Maria Wojcieszek Dominika Gacka Aleksandra Żołnierek Katarzyna Gondek Magdalena Fidelis Aleksandra Mączyńska Wiktoria Szumlińska Noor Al-karawi Paulina Kędziorek Zuzanna Tanç Impact of Dietary Factors on Thyroid Function and Disorders Journal of Education, Health and Sport Thyroid function Autoimmune thyroid disease Nutritional factors Micronutrients Dietary supplementation Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
| title | Impact of Dietary Factors on Thyroid Function and Disorders |
| title_full | Impact of Dietary Factors on Thyroid Function and Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Dietary Factors on Thyroid Function and Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Dietary Factors on Thyroid Function and Disorders |
| title_short | Impact of Dietary Factors on Thyroid Function and Disorders |
| title_sort | impact of dietary factors on thyroid function and disorders |
| topic | Thyroid function Autoimmune thyroid disease Nutritional factors Micronutrients Dietary supplementation Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
| url | https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/60580 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maksymilianczarnota impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT mariawojcieszek impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT dominikagacka impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT aleksandrazołnierek impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT katarzynagondek impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT magdalenafidelis impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT aleksandramaczynska impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT wiktoriaszumlinska impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT nooralkarawi impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT paulinakedziorek impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders AT zuzannatanc impactofdietaryfactorsonthyroidfunctionanddisorders |