Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoods

In many developing nations, wood is still commonly used as a fuel for domestic cooking. However, fuelwood combustion can have a pronounced effect on air quality by releasing considerable level of PAHs, thereby posing serious risk to global and environmental health. In this study, seven fuelwood samp...

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Main Authors: Ebenezer Leke Odekanle, Royal Oghosasere Taiwo, Jacob Ademola Sonibare, Adenike Omowumi Akinyemi, Timothy Adesoye Adekanye, Bamidele Sunday Fakinle
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002342
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author Ebenezer Leke Odekanle
Royal Oghosasere Taiwo
Jacob Ademola Sonibare
Adenike Omowumi Akinyemi
Timothy Adesoye Adekanye
Bamidele Sunday Fakinle
author_facet Ebenezer Leke Odekanle
Royal Oghosasere Taiwo
Jacob Ademola Sonibare
Adenike Omowumi Akinyemi
Timothy Adesoye Adekanye
Bamidele Sunday Fakinle
author_sort Ebenezer Leke Odekanle
collection DOAJ
description In many developing nations, wood is still commonly used as a fuel for domestic cooking. However, fuelwood combustion can have a pronounced effect on air quality by releasing considerable level of PAHs, thereby posing serious risk to global and environmental health. In this study, seven fuelwood samples were cut into small pieces (100 g) and subjected to open burning with a view to estimate PAHs emissions and their toxicity potentials. During combustion, sixteen basic PAHs were characterized by collecting gaseous emissions from the combustion on PUFs (Polyurethane foams) using probe from the air sampler. The PUFs were washed in a Soxhlet extractor with Acetone to extract the emission which was then analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for characterization. Chrysene and Dibenzo[a, h]anthracene have the highest and lowest PAHs concentrations, respectively. All PAHs levels observed exceeded permissible limits of 1x10−6 and 1.2x 10−7 mg/m3 of European Union and World Health Organization, respectively. PAHs from cashew wood showed highest levels of toxicity and mutagenicity, while all the samples have the same carcinogenic effect, indicating that all the samples have the same environmental/harmful impacts, going by ∑PAHcarc/∑PAH ratios (ratio that indicates general harmfulness). The study concluded that despite the relatively low toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects observed in this study, exposure to these concentrations for a long period should be avoided, especially for persons with existing known health conditions such as asthma, lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-f615dae0ec904dab98c8a3bb7bf7674c2025-08-20T02:38:58ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642024-12-011010084010.1016/j.cscee.2024.100840Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoodsEbenezer Leke Odekanle0Royal Oghosasere Taiwo1Jacob Ademola Sonibare2Adenike Omowumi Akinyemi3Timothy Adesoye Adekanye4Bamidele Sunday Fakinle5Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria; Landmark University SDG 13 (Climate Action Research Group), NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, NigeriaDepartment of Petroleum and Natural Gas Processing, Petroleum Training Institute, Warri, NigeriaDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria; Landmark University SDG 13 (Climate Action Research Group), Nigeria; Corresponding author. Department of Chemical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.In many developing nations, wood is still commonly used as a fuel for domestic cooking. However, fuelwood combustion can have a pronounced effect on air quality by releasing considerable level of PAHs, thereby posing serious risk to global and environmental health. In this study, seven fuelwood samples were cut into small pieces (100 g) and subjected to open burning with a view to estimate PAHs emissions and their toxicity potentials. During combustion, sixteen basic PAHs were characterized by collecting gaseous emissions from the combustion on PUFs (Polyurethane foams) using probe from the air sampler. The PUFs were washed in a Soxhlet extractor with Acetone to extract the emission which was then analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for characterization. Chrysene and Dibenzo[a, h]anthracene have the highest and lowest PAHs concentrations, respectively. All PAHs levels observed exceeded permissible limits of 1x10−6 and 1.2x 10−7 mg/m3 of European Union and World Health Organization, respectively. PAHs from cashew wood showed highest levels of toxicity and mutagenicity, while all the samples have the same carcinogenic effect, indicating that all the samples have the same environmental/harmful impacts, going by ∑PAHcarc/∑PAH ratios (ratio that indicates general harmfulness). The study concluded that despite the relatively low toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects observed in this study, exposure to these concentrations for a long period should be avoided, especially for persons with existing known health conditions such as asthma, lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002342PAHsCombustionToxicity potentialCarcinogenicity equivalentEmission
spellingShingle Ebenezer Leke Odekanle
Royal Oghosasere Taiwo
Jacob Ademola Sonibare
Adenike Omowumi Akinyemi
Timothy Adesoye Adekanye
Bamidele Sunday Fakinle
Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoods
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
PAHs
Combustion
Toxicity potential
Carcinogenicity equivalent
Emission
title Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoods
title_full Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoods
title_fullStr Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoods
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoods
title_short Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoods
title_sort estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs emission and its toxicity potentials from the combustion of selected fuelwoods
topic PAHs
Combustion
Toxicity potential
Carcinogenicity equivalent
Emission
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002342
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