Autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke: Exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in South Korea
Introduction: Laryngeal cancer (LC) presents a significant health challenge globally, with smoking being a major risk factor. Interestingly, LC incidence in females is significantly lower than in males; however, female smokers are more likely to develop Reinke edema (RE) than LC. This study sought t...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Translational Oncology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523324003553 |
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| author | Min Ji Kim Jisu Hong Hyo Won Chang Yun-Hee Lee Jun-Pyo Myong Ah Ra Jung Yoon Se Lee Minsu Kwon |
| author_facet | Min Ji Kim Jisu Hong Hyo Won Chang Yun-Hee Lee Jun-Pyo Myong Ah Ra Jung Yoon Se Lee Minsu Kwon |
| author_sort | Min Ji Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Laryngeal cancer (LC) presents a significant health challenge globally, with smoking being a major risk factor. Interestingly, LC incidence in females is significantly lower than in males; however, female smokers are more likely to develop Reinke edema (RE) than LC. This study sought to investigate whether autophagy, a major mechanism for RE development, acts as a defense mechanism in laryngeal tissue against cigarette exposure and suppresses LC development in females who smoke. Methods: This study analyzed the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data of South Korea to explore sex differences in LC incidence and clinical outcomes. Protein expression was compared between tissues from LC and RE patients. The changes in autophagy-related markers were analyzed after exposure to human vocal fold fibroblast (hVFF) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE). In addition, to explore the relationship between the level of autophagy-related gene expression and clinical features, female LC patients were compared with male patients through an analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results: In the NHIS data analyses, male LC patients had an 11 times higher incidence than female patients, even after adjusting for smoking and age. Additionally, female LC patients had significantly better survival rates. RE tissues exhibited increased autophagy-related protein expression compared with LC tissues. hVFFs after CSE exposure demonstrated elevated autophagy markers along with protein expression similar to RE tissue, suggesting autophagy's role in RE development over LC. The TCGA data analysis did not find a significant difference in autophagy-related gene expression, which would explain the favorable female clinical outcomes, between male and female LC patients. Conclusions: This study implies autophagy activation by cigarette smoke is a crucial mechanism for lower LC incidence and better outcomes in females, highlighting the potential for autophagy-targeted LC prevention and treatment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f60ba0eac8344371ac36ae4ec7c449dc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1936-5233 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-f60ba0eac8344371ac36ae4ec7c449dc2025-01-22T05:41:24ZengElsevierTranslational Oncology1936-52332025-02-0152102229Autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke: Exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in South KoreaMin Ji Kim0Jisu Hong1Hyo Won Chang2Yun-Hee Lee3Jun-Pyo Myong4Ah Ra Jung5Yoon Se Lee6Minsu Kwon7Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Corresponding authors at: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Corresponding authors at: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.Introduction: Laryngeal cancer (LC) presents a significant health challenge globally, with smoking being a major risk factor. Interestingly, LC incidence in females is significantly lower than in males; however, female smokers are more likely to develop Reinke edema (RE) than LC. This study sought to investigate whether autophagy, a major mechanism for RE development, acts as a defense mechanism in laryngeal tissue against cigarette exposure and suppresses LC development in females who smoke. Methods: This study analyzed the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data of South Korea to explore sex differences in LC incidence and clinical outcomes. Protein expression was compared between tissues from LC and RE patients. The changes in autophagy-related markers were analyzed after exposure to human vocal fold fibroblast (hVFF) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE). In addition, to explore the relationship between the level of autophagy-related gene expression and clinical features, female LC patients were compared with male patients through an analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results: In the NHIS data analyses, male LC patients had an 11 times higher incidence than female patients, even after adjusting for smoking and age. Additionally, female LC patients had significantly better survival rates. RE tissues exhibited increased autophagy-related protein expression compared with LC tissues. hVFFs after CSE exposure demonstrated elevated autophagy markers along with protein expression similar to RE tissue, suggesting autophagy's role in RE development over LC. The TCGA data analysis did not find a significant difference in autophagy-related gene expression, which would explain the favorable female clinical outcomes, between male and female LC patients. Conclusions: This study implies autophagy activation by cigarette smoke is a crucial mechanism for lower LC incidence and better outcomes in females, highlighting the potential for autophagy-targeted LC prevention and treatment strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523324003553AutophagyCarcinogenesisLaryngeal neoplasmsReinke edemaSmoking |
| spellingShingle | Min Ji Kim Jisu Hong Hyo Won Chang Yun-Hee Lee Jun-Pyo Myong Ah Ra Jung Yoon Se Lee Minsu Kwon Autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke: Exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in South Korea Translational Oncology Autophagy Carcinogenesis Laryngeal neoplasms Reinke edema Smoking |
| title | Autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke: Exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in South Korea |
| title_full | Autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke: Exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in South Korea |
| title_fullStr | Autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke: Exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke: Exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in South Korea |
| title_short | Autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke: Exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in South Korea |
| title_sort | autophagy activation in response to cigarette smoke exploring the disparity in laryngeal cancer incidence and outcomes between sexes in south korea |
| topic | Autophagy Carcinogenesis Laryngeal neoplasms Reinke edema Smoking |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523324003553 |
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