The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation

Infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles, both manifesting as a blistering skin rash. The skin is central to VZV, as the site of viral replication, transmission from cell-free virus in blisters and as the gateway to sensory nerves for establishing latency. The exist...

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Main Authors: Cristina Tommasi, Andriani Drousioti, Judith Breuer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2482286
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author Cristina Tommasi
Andriani Drousioti
Judith Breuer
author_facet Cristina Tommasi
Andriani Drousioti
Judith Breuer
author_sort Cristina Tommasi
collection DOAJ
description Infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles, both manifesting as a blistering skin rash. The skin is central to VZV, as the site of viral replication, transmission from cell-free virus in blisters and as the gateway to sensory nerves for establishing latency. The existing chickenpox vaccine is based on the live attenuated vOka strain and is impaired for replication in skin. While the genetics of the vOka vaccine have been extensively studied, critical gaps exist in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vOka attenuation, particularly in human skin models. This review aims to explore the molecular biology of vOka vaccine, focusing on its genetic diversity, interaction with host skin pathways, and the impact of vOka mutations in key VZV genes on attenuation mechanisms in human skin models. Insights from this review may guide the development of next-generation varicella vaccines and enhance the understanding of VZV pathogenesis.
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publishDate 2025-12-01
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series Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
spelling doaj-art-f5f7945d663c43c0bcfc8fbe4eb0ca952025-08-20T03:11:48ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2025-12-0121110.1080/21645515.2025.2482286The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuationCristina Tommasi0Andriani Drousioti1Judith Breuer2Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UKInfection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UKInfection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UKInfection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles, both manifesting as a blistering skin rash. The skin is central to VZV, as the site of viral replication, transmission from cell-free virus in blisters and as the gateway to sensory nerves for establishing latency. The existing chickenpox vaccine is based on the live attenuated vOka strain and is impaired for replication in skin. While the genetics of the vOka vaccine have been extensively studied, critical gaps exist in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vOka attenuation, particularly in human skin models. This review aims to explore the molecular biology of vOka vaccine, focusing on its genetic diversity, interaction with host skin pathways, and the impact of vOka mutations in key VZV genes on attenuation mechanisms in human skin models. Insights from this review may guide the development of next-generation varicella vaccines and enhance the understanding of VZV pathogenesis.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2482286Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)vOka vaccineskinkeratinocyteslive attenuated virus
spellingShingle Cristina Tommasi
Andriani Drousioti
Judith Breuer
The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
vOka vaccine
skin
keratinocytes
live attenuated virus
title The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation
title_full The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation
title_fullStr The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation
title_full_unstemmed The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation
title_short The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation
title_sort live attenuated varicella zoster virus vaccine voka molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation
topic Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
vOka vaccine
skin
keratinocytes
live attenuated virus
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2482286
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