Causal association of modifiable factors with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: an exposome-wide Mendelian randomization investigation

Causal association of modifiable factors with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: an exposome-wide Mendelian randomization investigation

Abstract Background Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), characterized by the co-existence of two or more cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) including type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke, persists as a global health challenge. However, the causal associations of modifiable...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dun Li, Jing Lin, Hongxi Yang, Lihui Zhou, Yujian Li, Zhe Xu, Li Sun, Xinyu Zhang, Weili Xu, Yaogang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Cardiovascular Diabetology
Subjects:
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity
Cardiometabolic diseases
Modifiable factor
Causal inference
Mendelian randomization
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02790-w
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