Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies

This comprehensive review investigates the pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cataract formation and evaluates the potential of antioxidant therapies in mitigating this ocular condition. By elucidating the mechanisms of oxidative stress, the article examines how ROS contribute to the d...

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Main Authors: Merve Kulbay, Kevin Y. Wu, Gurleen K. Nirwal, Paul Bélanger, Simon D. Tran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-08-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/9/1055
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author Merve Kulbay
Kevin Y. Wu
Gurleen K. Nirwal
Paul Bélanger
Simon D. Tran
author_facet Merve Kulbay
Kevin Y. Wu
Gurleen K. Nirwal
Paul Bélanger
Simon D. Tran
author_sort Merve Kulbay
collection DOAJ
description This comprehensive review investigates the pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cataract formation and evaluates the potential of antioxidant therapies in mitigating this ocular condition. By elucidating the mechanisms of oxidative stress, the article examines how ROS contribute to the deterioration of lens proteins and lipids, leading to the characteristic aggregation, cross-linking, and light scattering observed in cataracts. The review provides a thorough assessment of various antioxidant strategies aimed at preventing and managing cataracts, such as dietary antioxidants (i.e., vitamins C and E, lutein, and zeaxanthin), as well as pharmacological agents with antioxidative properties. Furthermore, the article explores innovative therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy and nanotechnology-based delivery systems, designed to bolster antioxidant defenses in ocular tissues. Concluding with a critical analysis of current research, the review offers evidence-based recommendations for optimizing antioxidant therapies. The current literature on the use of antioxidant therapies to prevent cataract formation is sparse. There is a lack of evidence-based conclusions; further clinical studies are needed to endorse the use of antioxidant strategies in patients to prevent cataractogenesis. However, personalized treatment plans considering individual patient factors and disease stages can be applied. This article serves as a valuable resource, providing insights into the potential of antioxidants to alleviate the burden of cataracts.
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spelling doaj-art-f5bfbb682fbc46458e5ee8a392f2ede12025-08-20T01:56:00ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-08-01149105510.3390/biom14091055Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant TherapiesMerve Kulbay0Kevin Y. Wu1Gurleen K. Nirwal2Paul Bélanger3Simon D. Tran4Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, CanadaDivision of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J4K 0A8, CanadaDepartment of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaDivision of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J4K 0A8, CanadaFaculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, CanadaThis comprehensive review investigates the pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cataract formation and evaluates the potential of antioxidant therapies in mitigating this ocular condition. By elucidating the mechanisms of oxidative stress, the article examines how ROS contribute to the deterioration of lens proteins and lipids, leading to the characteristic aggregation, cross-linking, and light scattering observed in cataracts. The review provides a thorough assessment of various antioxidant strategies aimed at preventing and managing cataracts, such as dietary antioxidants (i.e., vitamins C and E, lutein, and zeaxanthin), as well as pharmacological agents with antioxidative properties. Furthermore, the article explores innovative therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy and nanotechnology-based delivery systems, designed to bolster antioxidant defenses in ocular tissues. Concluding with a critical analysis of current research, the review offers evidence-based recommendations for optimizing antioxidant therapies. The current literature on the use of antioxidant therapies to prevent cataract formation is sparse. There is a lack of evidence-based conclusions; further clinical studies are needed to endorse the use of antioxidant strategies in patients to prevent cataractogenesis. However, personalized treatment plans considering individual patient factors and disease stages can be applied. This article serves as a valuable resource, providing insights into the potential of antioxidants to alleviate the burden of cataracts.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/9/1055cataract formationoxidative stressantioxidantstreatments
spellingShingle Merve Kulbay
Kevin Y. Wu
Gurleen K. Nirwal
Paul Bélanger
Simon D. Tran
Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies
Biomolecules
cataract formation
oxidative stress
antioxidants
treatments
title Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies
title_full Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies
title_fullStr Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies
title_short Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies
title_sort oxidative stress and cataract formation evaluating the efficacy of antioxidant therapies
topic cataract formation
oxidative stress
antioxidants
treatments
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/9/1055
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AT gurleenknirwal oxidativestressandcataractformationevaluatingtheefficacyofantioxidanttherapies
AT paulbelanger oxidativestressandcataractformationevaluatingtheefficacyofantioxidanttherapies
AT simondtran oxidativestressandcataractformationevaluatingtheefficacyofantioxidanttherapies