Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia
This study focused on the investigation of soil samples from the alluvial zone of the Sava River, located near the heating plant in New Belgrade, Serbia. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), a broad range of alkanes, including linear <i>n</i>-alkanes (C<s...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Gordana Dević Sandra Bulatović Jelena Avdalović Nenad Marić Jelena Milić Mila Ilić Tatjana Šolević Knudsen |
| author_facet | Gordana Dević Sandra Bulatović Jelena Avdalović Nenad Marić Jelena Milić Mila Ilić Tatjana Šolević Knudsen |
| author_sort | Gordana Dević |
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| description | This study focused on the investigation of soil samples from the alluvial zone of the Sava River, located near the heating plant in New Belgrade, Serbia. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), a broad range of alkanes, including linear <i>n</i>-alkanes (C<sub>10</sub> to C<sub>33</sub>) and isoprenoids, was analyzed in all samples. The obtained datasets were effectively made simpler by applying multivariate statistical analysis. Various geochemical indices (CPI, ACL, AI, TAR, etc.) and ratios (S/L, Paq, Pwax, etc.) were calculated and used to distinguish between biogenic and anthropogenic contributions. This approach added a higher level of precision to the source identification of hydrocarbons and provided a detailed geochemical characterization of the investigated soil. The results showed that the topsoil had a high content of TPH (average value, 90.65 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), potentially related to an accidental oil spill that occurred repeatedly over extended periods. The uncommon <i>n</i>-alkane profiles reported for the investigated soil samples are probably the result of inputs related to anthropogenic sources, emphasizing that petroleum was the main source of the short-chain <i>n</i>-alkanes. The methodology developed in this study was proven to be efficient for the assessment of the environmental quality of the soil in an urban part of New Belgrade, but it can also be a useful tool for soil monitoring and for a pollution assessment in other (sub)urban areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f5b9fb7df816494f885a36c32362a914 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-f5b9fb7df816494f885a36c32362a9142025-01-10T13:19:02ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130115410.3390/molecules30010154Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, SerbiaGordana Dević0Sandra Bulatović1Jelena Avdalović2Nenad Marić3Jelena Milić4Mila Ilić5Tatjana Šolević Knudsen6Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaThis study focused on the investigation of soil samples from the alluvial zone of the Sava River, located near the heating plant in New Belgrade, Serbia. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), a broad range of alkanes, including linear <i>n</i>-alkanes (C<sub>10</sub> to C<sub>33</sub>) and isoprenoids, was analyzed in all samples. The obtained datasets were effectively made simpler by applying multivariate statistical analysis. Various geochemical indices (CPI, ACL, AI, TAR, etc.) and ratios (S/L, Paq, Pwax, etc.) were calculated and used to distinguish between biogenic and anthropogenic contributions. This approach added a higher level of precision to the source identification of hydrocarbons and provided a detailed geochemical characterization of the investigated soil. The results showed that the topsoil had a high content of TPH (average value, 90.65 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), potentially related to an accidental oil spill that occurred repeatedly over extended periods. The uncommon <i>n</i>-alkane profiles reported for the investigated soil samples are probably the result of inputs related to anthropogenic sources, emphasizing that petroleum was the main source of the short-chain <i>n</i>-alkanes. The methodology developed in this study was proven to be efficient for the assessment of the environmental quality of the soil in an urban part of New Belgrade, but it can also be a useful tool for soil monitoring and for a pollution assessment in other (sub)urban areas.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/154soilpetroleum pollutionlipid biomarkers<i>n</i>-alkanesevaluation indiceshierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) |
| spellingShingle | Gordana Dević Sandra Bulatović Jelena Avdalović Nenad Marić Jelena Milić Mila Ilić Tatjana Šolević Knudsen Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia Molecules soil petroleum pollution lipid biomarkers <i>n</i>-alkanes evaluation indices hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) |
| title | Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia |
| title_full | Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia |
| title_fullStr | Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia |
| title_short | Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia |
| title_sort | lipid biomarkers in urban soils of the alluvial area near sava river belgrade serbia |
| topic | soil petroleum pollution lipid biomarkers <i>n</i>-alkanes evaluation indices hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/154 |
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