ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon
The One-hundred-deg ^2 DECam Imaging in Narrowbands (ODIN) survey is carrying out a systematic search for protoclusters during Cosmic Noon, using Ly α -emitting galaxies (LAEs) as tracers. Once completed, ODIN aims to identify hundreds of protoclusters at redshifts of 2.4, 3.1, and 4.5 across seven...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb624 |
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| author | Vandana Ramakrishnan Kyoung-Soo Lee Nicole Firestone Eric Gawiser Maria Celeste Artale Caryl Gronwall Lucia Guaita Ho Seong Hwang Sang Hyeok Im Woong-Seob Jeong Seongjae Kim Ankit Kumar Jaehyun Lee Byeongha Moon Nelson Padilla Changbom Park Akriti Singh Hyunmi Song Paulina Troncoso Iribarren Yujin Yang |
| author_facet | Vandana Ramakrishnan Kyoung-Soo Lee Nicole Firestone Eric Gawiser Maria Celeste Artale Caryl Gronwall Lucia Guaita Ho Seong Hwang Sang Hyeok Im Woong-Seob Jeong Seongjae Kim Ankit Kumar Jaehyun Lee Byeongha Moon Nelson Padilla Changbom Park Akriti Singh Hyunmi Song Paulina Troncoso Iribarren Yujin Yang |
| author_sort | Vandana Ramakrishnan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The One-hundred-deg ^2 DECam Imaging in Narrowbands (ODIN) survey is carrying out a systematic search for protoclusters during Cosmic Noon, using Ly α -emitting galaxies (LAEs) as tracers. Once completed, ODIN aims to identify hundreds of protoclusters at redshifts of 2.4, 3.1, and 4.5 across seven extragalactic fields, covering a total area of up to 91 deg ^2 . In this work, we report the high clustering strength of the ODIN protoclusters, determined via measurements of their cross-correlation with LAEs. Our sample consists of 150 protocluster candidates at z = 2.4 and 3.1, identified in two ODIN fields with a total area of 13.9 deg ^2 . At z = 2.4 and 3.1, the inferred protocluster biases are $6.{6}_{-1.1}^{+1.3}$ and $6.{1}_{-1.1}^{+1.3}$ , corresponding to mean halo masses of $\mathrm{log}\langle M/{M}_{\odot }\rangle =13.5{3}_{-0.24}^{+0.21}$ and $12.9{6}_{-0.33}^{+0.28}$ , respectively. By the present day, these protoclusters are expected to evolve into virialized galaxy clusters with a mean mass of ∼10 ^14.5 M _⊙ . By comparing the observed number density of protoclusters to that of halos with the same measured clustering strength, we find that the completeness of our sample is of order unity. Finally, the similar descendant masses derived for our samples at z = 2.4 and 3.1, assuming that the halo number density remains constant, suggest that they represent similar structures observed at different cosmic epochs. As a consequence, any observed differences between the two samples can be understood as redshift evolution. The ODIN protocluster samples will thus provide valuable insights into the cosmic evolution of cluster galaxies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f5b929ba0e4a4609b608ac8ace71e621 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| spelling | doaj-art-f5b929ba0e4a4609b608ac8ace71e6212025-08-20T03:42:45ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198227410.3847/1538-4357/adb624ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic NoonVandana Ramakrishnan0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9176-7252Kyoung-Soo Lee1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3004-9596Nicole Firestone2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-2443Eric Gawiser3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1530-8713Maria Celeste Artale4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-785XCaryl Gronwall5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-2371Lucia Guaita6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4902-0075Ho Seong Hwang7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3428-7612Sang Hyeok Im8https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9748-4194Woong-Seob Jeong9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2770-808XSeongjae Kim10https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3931-6697Ankit Kumar11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-3527Jaehyun Lee12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-1778Byeongha Moon13https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4022-3870Nelson Padilla14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-9419Changbom Park15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-6397Akriti Singh16https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7651-3900Hyunmi Song17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4362-4070Paulina Troncoso Iribarren18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-3023Yujin Yang19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3078-2763Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAPhysics and Astronomy Department, Rutgers, The State University , Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAPhysics and Astronomy Department, Rutgers, The State University , Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAUniversidad Andres Bello , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Instituto de Astrofisica, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago RM, ChileDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USAUniversidad Andres Bello , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Instituto de Astrofisica, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago RM, ChileDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; SNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaUniversidad Andres Bello , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Instituto de Astrofisica, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago RM, ChileKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaInstituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental (IATE) , CONICET-UNC, Laprida 854, X500BGR, Córdoba, ArgentinaKorea Institute for Advanced Study , 85 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of KoreaUniversidad Andres Bello , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Instituto de Astrofisica, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago RM, Chile; European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaEscuela de Ingeniería, Universidad Central de Chile , Avenida Francisco de Aguirre 0405, 171-0614 La Serena, Coquimbo, ChileKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaThe One-hundred-deg ^2 DECam Imaging in Narrowbands (ODIN) survey is carrying out a systematic search for protoclusters during Cosmic Noon, using Ly α -emitting galaxies (LAEs) as tracers. Once completed, ODIN aims to identify hundreds of protoclusters at redshifts of 2.4, 3.1, and 4.5 across seven extragalactic fields, covering a total area of up to 91 deg ^2 . In this work, we report the high clustering strength of the ODIN protoclusters, determined via measurements of their cross-correlation with LAEs. Our sample consists of 150 protocluster candidates at z = 2.4 and 3.1, identified in two ODIN fields with a total area of 13.9 deg ^2 . At z = 2.4 and 3.1, the inferred protocluster biases are $6.{6}_{-1.1}^{+1.3}$ and $6.{1}_{-1.1}^{+1.3}$ , corresponding to mean halo masses of $\mathrm{log}\langle M/{M}_{\odot }\rangle =13.5{3}_{-0.24}^{+0.21}$ and $12.9{6}_{-0.33}^{+0.28}$ , respectively. By the present day, these protoclusters are expected to evolve into virialized galaxy clusters with a mean mass of ∼10 ^14.5 M _⊙ . By comparing the observed number density of protoclusters to that of halos with the same measured clustering strength, we find that the completeness of our sample is of order unity. Finally, the similar descendant masses derived for our samples at z = 2.4 and 3.1, assuming that the halo number density remains constant, suggest that they represent similar structures observed at different cosmic epochs. As a consequence, any observed differences between the two samples can be understood as redshift evolution. The ODIN protocluster samples will thus provide valuable insights into the cosmic evolution of cluster galaxies.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb624ProtoclustersHigh-redshift galaxy clustersLyman-alpha galaxies |
| spellingShingle | Vandana Ramakrishnan Kyoung-Soo Lee Nicole Firestone Eric Gawiser Maria Celeste Artale Caryl Gronwall Lucia Guaita Ho Seong Hwang Sang Hyeok Im Woong-Seob Jeong Seongjae Kim Ankit Kumar Jaehyun Lee Byeongha Moon Nelson Padilla Changbom Park Akriti Singh Hyunmi Song Paulina Troncoso Iribarren Yujin Yang ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon The Astrophysical Journal Protoclusters High-redshift galaxy clusters Lyman-alpha galaxies |
| title | ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon |
| title_full | ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon |
| title_fullStr | ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon |
| title_full_unstemmed | ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon |
| title_short | ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon |
| title_sort | odin high clustering strength of protoclusters at cosmic noon |
| topic | Protoclusters High-redshift galaxy clusters Lyman-alpha galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb624 |
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