Large-scale production of Mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei
BackgroundMansonella perstans is transmitted by Culicoides species and affects hundred millions of inhabitants in about 33 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It is known that Mansonellosis due to Mansonella perstans do not result in a clear clinical picture, but down-regulates the immunity of patients...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
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| author | Chi Anizette Kien Chi Anizette Kien Rene Ebai Rene Ebai Fanny Fri Fombad Fanny Fri Fombad Frederick Esofi Frederick Esofi Anna Ning Ntuh Anna Ning Ntuh Emmanuel Ouam Emmanuel Ouam Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Valerine Chawa Chunda Valerine Chawa Chunda Relindis Ekanya Relindis Ekanya Franck Noel Nietcho Franck Noel Nietcho Juluis Visnel Foyet Juluis Visnel Foyet Lucy Cho Nchang Lucy Cho Nchang Chefor Magha Chefor Magha Abdel Jelil Njouendou Abdel Jelil Njouendou Peter Enyong Peter Enyong Achim Hoerauf Achim Hoerauf Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Manuel Ritter Samuel Wanji Samuel Wanji |
| author_facet | Chi Anizette Kien Chi Anizette Kien Rene Ebai Rene Ebai Fanny Fri Fombad Fanny Fri Fombad Frederick Esofi Frederick Esofi Anna Ning Ntuh Anna Ning Ntuh Emmanuel Ouam Emmanuel Ouam Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Valerine Chawa Chunda Valerine Chawa Chunda Relindis Ekanya Relindis Ekanya Franck Noel Nietcho Franck Noel Nietcho Juluis Visnel Foyet Juluis Visnel Foyet Lucy Cho Nchang Lucy Cho Nchang Chefor Magha Chefor Magha Abdel Jelil Njouendou Abdel Jelil Njouendou Peter Enyong Peter Enyong Achim Hoerauf Achim Hoerauf Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Manuel Ritter Samuel Wanji Samuel Wanji |
| author_sort | Chi Anizette Kien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundMansonella perstans is transmitted by Culicoides species and affects hundred millions of inhabitants in about 33 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It is known that Mansonellosis due to Mansonella perstans do not result in a clear clinical picture, but down-regulates the immunity of patients predisposing them to other diseases like tuberculosis, HIV and malaria or damping vaccine efficacy. However, research about novel drugs against this filarial nematode is missing because of the lack of parasite material. Previous studies have developed in vitro culture systems using infective stage 3 larvae (L3), but these life stages are difficult to obtain and thus the performance of in vitro cultures is restricted and does not allow large-scale testing of drugs or even infection experiments in animal models. Therefore, we aim to establish a platform for the large-scale production of M. perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei.MethodsCulicoides species were caught in Yangom (Yabassi Health District) in the Littoral Region of Cameroon following a blood meal on six microfilariae-positive donors with different microfilaraemic loads over one year. Engorged midges were reared in the insectarium for up to 14 days and L3 were isolated from the different body parts.ResultIn summary, 13,658 engorged Culicoides were collected and reared in the laboratory. We observed an overall predicted survival of 78.5%. Out of the 8,123 survived midges, 7,086 midges belong to C. milnei, from which 2,335 were infected leading to a recovery of 6,310 L3. Moreover, we found the highest survival rates of midges during the early dry season in December with moderate temperatures (23-25°C) and low (2-4mm) or no rainfall. In addition, we observed that midges that fed on donors with high microfilarial loads showed increased mortality.ConclusionWe revealed suitable conditions for the collection and maintenance of engorged Culicoides midges allowing the large-scale production of M. perstans L3. This procedure will provide a platform to produce sufficient parasite material that will facilitate in vitro cultures and the establishment of a murine model of M. perstans, which is important for in-depth investigation of the filarial biology and screening of novel drugs that are effective against this ivermectin-resistant nematode. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f5b0c2c6e7844f0492a0a5c9b63cdd9a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-7515 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-f5b0c2c6e7844f0492a0a5c9b63cdd9a2025-01-09T09:11:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Tropical Diseases2673-75152024-12-01510.3389/fitd.2024.13918231391823Large-scale production of Mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milneiChi Anizette Kien0Chi Anizette Kien1Rene Ebai2Rene Ebai3Fanny Fri Fombad4Fanny Fri Fombad5Frederick Esofi6Frederick Esofi7Anna Ning Ntuh8Anna Ning Ntuh9Emmanuel Ouam10Emmanuel Ouam11Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui12Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui13Valerine Chawa Chunda14Valerine Chawa Chunda15Relindis Ekanya16Relindis Ekanya17Franck Noel Nietcho18Franck Noel Nietcho19Juluis Visnel Foyet20Juluis Visnel Foyet21Lucy Cho Nchang22Lucy Cho Nchang23Chefor Magha24Chefor Magha25Abdel Jelil Njouendou26Abdel Jelil Njouendou27Peter Enyong28Peter Enyong29Achim Hoerauf30Achim Hoerauf31Achim Hoerauf32Manuel Ritter33Manuel Ritter34Samuel Wanji35Samuel Wanji36Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, GermanyGerman-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site Bonn, Bonn, GermanyGerman Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne partner site, Bonn, GermanyInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, GermanyGerman-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site Bonn, Bonn, GermanyParasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, CameroonResearch Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonBackgroundMansonella perstans is transmitted by Culicoides species and affects hundred millions of inhabitants in about 33 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It is known that Mansonellosis due to Mansonella perstans do not result in a clear clinical picture, but down-regulates the immunity of patients predisposing them to other diseases like tuberculosis, HIV and malaria or damping vaccine efficacy. However, research about novel drugs against this filarial nematode is missing because of the lack of parasite material. Previous studies have developed in vitro culture systems using infective stage 3 larvae (L3), but these life stages are difficult to obtain and thus the performance of in vitro cultures is restricted and does not allow large-scale testing of drugs or even infection experiments in animal models. Therefore, we aim to establish a platform for the large-scale production of M. perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei.MethodsCulicoides species were caught in Yangom (Yabassi Health District) in the Littoral Region of Cameroon following a blood meal on six microfilariae-positive donors with different microfilaraemic loads over one year. Engorged midges were reared in the insectarium for up to 14 days and L3 were isolated from the different body parts.ResultIn summary, 13,658 engorged Culicoides were collected and reared in the laboratory. We observed an overall predicted survival of 78.5%. Out of the 8,123 survived midges, 7,086 midges belong to C. milnei, from which 2,335 were infected leading to a recovery of 6,310 L3. Moreover, we found the highest survival rates of midges during the early dry season in December with moderate temperatures (23-25°C) and low (2-4mm) or no rainfall. In addition, we observed that midges that fed on donors with high microfilarial loads showed increased mortality.ConclusionWe revealed suitable conditions for the collection and maintenance of engorged Culicoides midges allowing the large-scale production of M. perstans L3. This procedure will provide a platform to produce sufficient parasite material that will facilitate in vitro cultures and the establishment of a murine model of M. perstans, which is important for in-depth investigation of the filarial biology and screening of novel drugs that are effective against this ivermectin-resistant nematode.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fitd.2024.1391823/fullMansonella perstansinfective stage 3 larvae (L3)Culicoides milneimidgesvector abundancesurvival and mortality of Culicoides species |
| spellingShingle | Chi Anizette Kien Chi Anizette Kien Rene Ebai Rene Ebai Fanny Fri Fombad Fanny Fri Fombad Frederick Esofi Frederick Esofi Anna Ning Ntuh Anna Ning Ntuh Emmanuel Ouam Emmanuel Ouam Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Valerine Chawa Chunda Valerine Chawa Chunda Relindis Ekanya Relindis Ekanya Franck Noel Nietcho Franck Noel Nietcho Juluis Visnel Foyet Juluis Visnel Foyet Lucy Cho Nchang Lucy Cho Nchang Chefor Magha Chefor Magha Abdel Jelil Njouendou Abdel Jelil Njouendou Peter Enyong Peter Enyong Achim Hoerauf Achim Hoerauf Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Manuel Ritter Samuel Wanji Samuel Wanji Large-scale production of Mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei Frontiers in Tropical Diseases Mansonella perstans infective stage 3 larvae (L3) Culicoides milnei midges vector abundance survival and mortality of Culicoides species |
| title | Large-scale production of Mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei |
| title_full | Large-scale production of Mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei |
| title_fullStr | Large-scale production of Mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei |
| title_full_unstemmed | Large-scale production of Mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei |
| title_short | Large-scale production of Mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged Culicoides milnei |
| title_sort | large scale production of mansonella perstans infective larvae from engorged culicoides milnei |
| topic | Mansonella perstans infective stage 3 larvae (L3) Culicoides milnei midges vector abundance survival and mortality of Culicoides species |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fitd.2024.1391823/full |
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