Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, with antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock recognized as a significant driver. This study examines farm-level AMU and AMR as well as the relationship between AMU and AMR on broiler farms in Indo...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Rianna Anwar Sani Sunandar Sunandar Annisa Rachmawati Gian Pertela Oli Susanti Kanti Puji Rahayu Puttik Allamanda Imron Suandy Nofita Nurbiyanti Elvina J. Jahja Budi Purwanto on behalf of CORNERSTONE Group Francisca C. Velkers Tagrid Dinar Jaap A. Wagenaar David C. Speksnijder |
| author_facet | Rianna Anwar Sani Sunandar Sunandar Annisa Rachmawati Gian Pertela Oli Susanti Kanti Puji Rahayu Puttik Allamanda Imron Suandy Nofita Nurbiyanti Elvina J. Jahja Budi Purwanto on behalf of CORNERSTONE Group Francisca C. Velkers Tagrid Dinar Jaap A. Wagenaar David C. Speksnijder |
| author_sort | Rianna Anwar Sani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, with antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock recognized as a significant driver. This study examines farm-level AMU and AMR as well as the relationship between AMU and AMR on broiler farms in Indonesia. <b>Methods:</b> Data were collected from 19 farms in West Java between 2019 and 2021 to examine AMU in depth across four to five successive production cycles. The correlation between AMU and AMR in commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) was investigated. AMU was recorded as treatment days per 30-day production cycle, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values to differentiate wildtype (WT) and non-wildtype (NWT) <i>E. coli</i>. <b>Results:</b> The average AMU was 12 treatment days per 30-day production cycle, with a wide range of 4 to 22 days. On average, <i>E. coli</i> isolates from each farm exhibited NWT phenotypes, reflecting AMR levels, for 6 out of 14 antimicrobials tested. This included notable levels for the highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs) ciprofloxacin (93%) and nalidixic acid (64%). A significant correlation (Spearman ρ = 0.67, <i>p</i> < 0.05) was observed between the total farm-level AMU and the number of antimicrobials for which NWT <i>E. coli</i> isolates were found. However, no significant correlation was found between AMU and AMR for the five most frequently used antimicrobials, likely due to a high baseline prevalence of NWT <i>E. coli</i> isolates and relatively few independent observations. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings highlight the urgent need to reduce AMU in general, specifically the use of (HP)CIAs, to mitigate AMR on Indonesian broiler farms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f58b5ca5fa11404aa2736bc0910687c8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-f58b5ca5fa11404aa2736bc0910687c82024-12-27T14:06:17ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-12-011312118110.3390/antibiotics13121181Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, IndonesiaRianna Anwar Sani0Sunandar Sunandar1Annisa Rachmawati2Gian Pertela3Oli Susanti4Kanti Puji Rahayu5Puttik Allamanda6Imron Suandy7Nofita Nurbiyanti8Elvina J. Jahja9Budi Purwanto10on behalf of CORNERSTONE GroupFrancisca C. Velkers11Tagrid Dinar12Jaap A. Wagenaar13David C. Speksnijder14Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The NetherlandsCenter for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies (CIVAS), Bogor 16130, IndonesiaCenter for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies (CIVAS), Bogor 16130, IndonesiaAnimal Health Department, PT Medion Farma Jaya, Bandung 40552, IndonesiaNational Quality Control Laboratory for Animal Product Testing and Certification (BPMSPH), Bogor 16161, IndonesiaNational Quality Control Laboratory for Animal Product Testing and Certification (BPMSPH), Bogor 16161, IndonesiaNational Quality Control Laboratory for Animal Product Testing and Certification (BPMSPH), Bogor 16161, IndonesiaNational Quality Control Laboratory for Animal Product Testing and Certification (BPMSPH), Bogor 16161, IndonesiaCenter for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies (CIVAS), Bogor 16130, IndonesiaAnimal Health Department, PT Medion Farma Jaya, Bandung 40552, IndonesiaTechnical Education & Consultation Department, PT Medion Ardhika Bhakti, Bandung 40223, IndonesiaDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The NetherlandsDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The NetherlandsDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The NetherlandsDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, with antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock recognized as a significant driver. This study examines farm-level AMU and AMR as well as the relationship between AMU and AMR on broiler farms in Indonesia. <b>Methods:</b> Data were collected from 19 farms in West Java between 2019 and 2021 to examine AMU in depth across four to five successive production cycles. The correlation between AMU and AMR in commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) was investigated. AMU was recorded as treatment days per 30-day production cycle, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values to differentiate wildtype (WT) and non-wildtype (NWT) <i>E. coli</i>. <b>Results:</b> The average AMU was 12 treatment days per 30-day production cycle, with a wide range of 4 to 22 days. On average, <i>E. coli</i> isolates from each farm exhibited NWT phenotypes, reflecting AMR levels, for 6 out of 14 antimicrobials tested. This included notable levels for the highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs) ciprofloxacin (93%) and nalidixic acid (64%). A significant correlation (Spearman ρ = 0.67, <i>p</i> < 0.05) was observed between the total farm-level AMU and the number of antimicrobials for which NWT <i>E. coli</i> isolates were found. However, no significant correlation was found between AMU and AMR for the five most frequently used antimicrobials, likely due to a high baseline prevalence of NWT <i>E. coli</i> isolates and relatively few independent observations. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings highlight the urgent need to reduce AMU in general, specifically the use of (HP)CIAs, to mitigate AMR on Indonesian broiler farms.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/12/1181Indonesiaantimicrobial useantimicrobial resistancefarm levelpoultrybroilers |
| spellingShingle | Rianna Anwar Sani Sunandar Sunandar Annisa Rachmawati Gian Pertela Oli Susanti Kanti Puji Rahayu Puttik Allamanda Imron Suandy Nofita Nurbiyanti Elvina J. Jahja Budi Purwanto on behalf of CORNERSTONE Group Francisca C. Velkers Tagrid Dinar Jaap A. Wagenaar David C. Speksnijder Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia Antibiotics Indonesia antimicrobial use antimicrobial resistance farm level poultry broilers |
| title | Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia |
| title_sort | antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance in commensal i escherichia coli i from broiler farms a farm level analysis in west java indonesia |
| topic | Indonesia antimicrobial use antimicrobial resistance farm level poultry broilers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/12/1181 |
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