A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights
Speech disorders encompass a complex interplay of neuroanatomical, genetic, and environmental factors affecting individuals’ communication ability. This review synthesizes current insights into the neuroanatomy, genetic underpinnings, and environmental influences contributing to speech disorders. Ne...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Diya Jaishankar Tanvi Raghuram Bhuvanesh Kumar Raju Divyanka Swarna Shriya Parekh Narendra Chirmule Vikramsingh Gujar |
| author_facet | Diya Jaishankar Tanvi Raghuram Bhuvanesh Kumar Raju Divyanka Swarna Shriya Parekh Narendra Chirmule Vikramsingh Gujar |
| author_sort | Diya Jaishankar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Speech disorders encompass a complex interplay of neuroanatomical, genetic, and environmental factors affecting individuals’ communication ability. This review synthesizes current insights into the neuroanatomy, genetic underpinnings, and environmental influences contributing to speech disorders. Neuroanatomical structures, such as Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the arcuate fasciculus, and basal ganglia, along with their connectivity, play critical roles in speech production, comprehension, and motor coordination. Advances in the understanding of intricate brain networks involved in language offer insights into typical speech development and the pathophysiology of speech disorders. Genetic studies have identified key genes involved in neural migration and synaptic connectivity, further elucidating the role of genetic mutations in speech disorders, such as stuttering and speech sound disorders. Beyond the biological mechanisms, this review explores the profound impact of psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and neurodevelopmental conditions, on individuals with speech disorders. Psychosocial comorbidities often exacerbate speech disorders, complicating diagnosis and treatment and underscoring the need for a holistic approach to managing these conditions. Future directions point toward leveraging genetic testing, digital technologies, and personalized therapies, alongside addressing the psychosocial dimensions, to improve outcomes for individuals with speech disorders. This comprehensive overview aims to inform future research and therapeutic advancements, particularly in treating fluency disorders like stuttering. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f56d43432a934245bfb8348837561816 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-f56d43432a934245bfb83488375618162025-01-24T13:24:30ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113123910.3390/biomedicines13010239A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental InsightsDiya Jaishankar0Tanvi Raghuram1Bhuvanesh Kumar Raju2Divyanka Swarna3Shriya Parekh4Narendra Chirmule5Vikramsingh Gujar6Department of Microbiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USAAdvancement and Research in the Sciences and Arts (ARISA) Foundation, Pune 411045, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USAAdvancement and Research in the Sciences and Arts (ARISA) Foundation, Pune 411045, IndiaAdvancement and Research in the Sciences and Arts (ARISA) Foundation, Pune 411045, IndiaSymphonyTech Biologics, Philadelphia, PA 19143, USADepartment of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USASpeech disorders encompass a complex interplay of neuroanatomical, genetic, and environmental factors affecting individuals’ communication ability. This review synthesizes current insights into the neuroanatomy, genetic underpinnings, and environmental influences contributing to speech disorders. Neuroanatomical structures, such as Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the arcuate fasciculus, and basal ganglia, along with their connectivity, play critical roles in speech production, comprehension, and motor coordination. Advances in the understanding of intricate brain networks involved in language offer insights into typical speech development and the pathophysiology of speech disorders. Genetic studies have identified key genes involved in neural migration and synaptic connectivity, further elucidating the role of genetic mutations in speech disorders, such as stuttering and speech sound disorders. Beyond the biological mechanisms, this review explores the profound impact of psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and neurodevelopmental conditions, on individuals with speech disorders. Psychosocial comorbidities often exacerbate speech disorders, complicating diagnosis and treatment and underscoring the need for a holistic approach to managing these conditions. Future directions point toward leveraging genetic testing, digital technologies, and personalized therapies, alongside addressing the psychosocial dimensions, to improve outcomes for individuals with speech disorders. This comprehensive overview aims to inform future research and therapeutic advancements, particularly in treating fluency disorders like stuttering.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/239speech disordersneuroanatomygeneticsenvironmental factorslanguage pathophysiologycomorbidities |
| spellingShingle | Diya Jaishankar Tanvi Raghuram Bhuvanesh Kumar Raju Divyanka Swarna Shriya Parekh Narendra Chirmule Vikramsingh Gujar A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights Biomedicines speech disorders neuroanatomy genetics environmental factors language pathophysiology comorbidities |
| title | A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights |
| title_full | A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights |
| title_fullStr | A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights |
| title_short | A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights |
| title_sort | biopsychosocial overview of speech disorders neuroanatomical genetic and environmental insights |
| topic | speech disorders neuroanatomy genetics environmental factors language pathophysiology comorbidities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/239 |
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