A finite element study for tibial fractures: analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatment

IntroductionDistal tibial fractures are common fracture sites and usually require surgical treatment to achieve anatomical reduction. Intramedullary nails (IMN) are widely used in orthopedics for stabilizing fractured bones and treating limb deformities. The process of postoperative bone healing is...

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Main Authors: Ke-Rui Zhang, Bin Luo, Ju Tu, Ya-Qin Li, Jun Wen, Chang-Yong Shen, Xue-Hai Jia, Yi Deng, Li-Tai Ma, Yi Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1532207/full
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author Ke-Rui Zhang
Bin Luo
Ju Tu
Ya-Qin Li
Jun Wen
Chang-Yong Shen
Xue-Hai Jia
Yi Deng
Li-Tai Ma
Yi Yang
author_facet Ke-Rui Zhang
Bin Luo
Ju Tu
Ya-Qin Li
Jun Wen
Chang-Yong Shen
Xue-Hai Jia
Yi Deng
Li-Tai Ma
Yi Yang
author_sort Ke-Rui Zhang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionDistal tibial fractures are common fracture sites and usually require surgical treatment to achieve anatomical reduction. Intramedullary nails (IMN) are widely used in orthopedics for stabilizing fractured bones and treating limb deformities. The process of postoperative bone healing is of great significance for patient rehabilitation and can guide subsequent treatment methods. However, the current radiographic techniques used to determine the degree of fusion, such as X-ray, need to be improved in accuracy and have some radiation effects. Several studies suggested that the mechanical load on the fracture area could reflect the bone healing process and evaluated the stability of fracture area. The aim of this study is to investigate the biomechanical changes in the fracture area during bone healing and IMN, and to prepare for the subsequent placement of intelligent stress and displacement sensors based on the changes in stress and displacement, in order to provide guidance for the treatment and rehabilitation of postoperative fractures.MethodsFinite element (FE) models representing different healing stages of tibial fractures were developed. All conditions were applied to simulate the stress and strain of the IMN fixation system under normal tibial stress.ResultsThe stress at the fracture area on the IMN gradually decreases, while the stress on the callus gradually increases until reaching a stable state at the 12th week after surgery. And the deformation value and the displacement value of the callus decrease and stabilize over time. Based on the changes in stress at the fracture area of the IMN and the displacement value of the callus, we can place a stress sensor at the fracture area of the IMN and a displacement sensor at the callus area.ConclusionThis study utilized FE analysis to evaluate stress, deformation and displacement between the IMN and bone during the healing process of tibial fractures in four stages. By combining these aspects, the degree of bone healing can be assessed. This research enables orthopedic doctors to monitor the progression of fracture healing without relying solely on imaging examinations. Furthermore, it aids in guiding patients to undergo appropriate rehabilitation training for better recovery.
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spelling doaj-art-f56cd505b23446eba3beda5dcb8ea3372025-08-20T03:21:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852025-06-011310.3389/fbioe.2025.15322071532207A finite element study for tibial fractures: analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatmentKe-Rui Zhang0Bin Luo1Ju Tu2Ya-Qin Li3Jun Wen4Chang-Yong Shen5Xue-Hai Jia6Yi Deng7Li-Tai Ma8Yi Yang9Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Ya’an People’s Hospital, Ya’an, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Nursing, the Hongkong Polytechnic University, Hongkong, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaIntroductionDistal tibial fractures are common fracture sites and usually require surgical treatment to achieve anatomical reduction. Intramedullary nails (IMN) are widely used in orthopedics for stabilizing fractured bones and treating limb deformities. The process of postoperative bone healing is of great significance for patient rehabilitation and can guide subsequent treatment methods. However, the current radiographic techniques used to determine the degree of fusion, such as X-ray, need to be improved in accuracy and have some radiation effects. Several studies suggested that the mechanical load on the fracture area could reflect the bone healing process and evaluated the stability of fracture area. The aim of this study is to investigate the biomechanical changes in the fracture area during bone healing and IMN, and to prepare for the subsequent placement of intelligent stress and displacement sensors based on the changes in stress and displacement, in order to provide guidance for the treatment and rehabilitation of postoperative fractures.MethodsFinite element (FE) models representing different healing stages of tibial fractures were developed. All conditions were applied to simulate the stress and strain of the IMN fixation system under normal tibial stress.ResultsThe stress at the fracture area on the IMN gradually decreases, while the stress on the callus gradually increases until reaching a stable state at the 12th week after surgery. And the deformation value and the displacement value of the callus decrease and stabilize over time. Based on the changes in stress at the fracture area of the IMN and the displacement value of the callus, we can place a stress sensor at the fracture area of the IMN and a displacement sensor at the callus area.ConclusionThis study utilized FE analysis to evaluate stress, deformation and displacement between the IMN and bone during the healing process of tibial fractures in four stages. By combining these aspects, the degree of bone healing can be assessed. This research enables orthopedic doctors to monitor the progression of fracture healing without relying solely on imaging examinations. Furthermore, it aids in guiding patients to undergo appropriate rehabilitation training for better recovery.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1532207/fullintramedullary nailsSTRESS valuedeformation valuedisplacement valuesensorfinite element analysis
spellingShingle Ke-Rui Zhang
Bin Luo
Ju Tu
Ya-Qin Li
Jun Wen
Chang-Yong Shen
Xue-Hai Jia
Yi Deng
Li-Tai Ma
Yi Yang
A finite element study for tibial fractures: analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatment
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
intramedullary nails
STRESS value
deformation value
displacement value
sensor
finite element analysis
title A finite element study for tibial fractures: analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatment
title_full A finite element study for tibial fractures: analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatment
title_fullStr A finite element study for tibial fractures: analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatment
title_full_unstemmed A finite element study for tibial fractures: analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatment
title_short A finite element study for tibial fractures: analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatment
title_sort finite element study for tibial fractures analyze the biomechanical condition of the tibial fracture area to provide guidance for subsequent treatment
topic intramedullary nails
STRESS value
deformation value
displacement value
sensor
finite element analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1532207/full
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