Effects of different fertilization modes on nitrogen use efficiency of cabbages and nitrogen loss from vegetable field
Conventional fertilization causes soil nitrogen loss and low fertilizer use efficiency in vegetable growing system, and the nitrogen loss also increases the risk on environment. Many researchers have reported a significant decrease of leaching NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N los...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Zhejiang University Press
2013-09-01
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| Series: | 浙江大学学报. 农业与生命科学版 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.academax.com/doi/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.12.251 |
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| Summary: | Conventional fertilization causes soil nitrogen loss and low fertilizer use efficiency in vegetable growing system, and the nitrogen loss also increases the risk on environment. Many researchers have reported a significant decrease of leaching NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N losses when the amount of nitrogen applied decreases. However, little efforts have been made on the study of nitrogen loss by surface runoff or by leaching in vegetable field.Therefore, in order to evaluate the effects of different fertilization on the yield of cabbages, the nitrogen use efficiency, the dynamics of nitrogen loss and simultaneously the amount of nitrogen loss by runoff or by leaching and their relative ratios, a series of field experiments in the cabbage fields in Taihu watershed and also the laboratory studies were carried out respectively during September to November, 2010.Six modes of fertilization, i.e., none fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizers (CF), organic manure (OF), special fertilizers (SF) (combined chemical fertilizer and organic manure), reduced amount of special fertilizers by 20% (SF<sub>1</sub>), reduced amount of special fertilizers by 40% (SF<sub>2</sub>), were conducted in cabbage growing system in Taihu watershed. Accordingly, the amounts of nitrogen applied were 0, 256, 256, 256, 205 and 154 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The experimental design was the randomized complete block with triplications, each plot of which was 17.5 m<sup>2</sup> (5 m×3.5 m).The results showed that the yield of cabbages was SF > SF<sub>1</sub> > CF > SF<sub>2</sub> > OF > CK. While compared with the chemical fertilizer and organic manure, the special fertilizers significantly increased the yields by 31.84% and 50.31% (P<0.05), respectively. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (NAE) was SF<sub>1</sub> > SF<sub>2</sub> > OF > CF > SF> CK. The physiological efficiency of nitrogen (NPE) was OF> SF<sub>1</sub>> CF> SF<sub>2</sub>> SF> CK. The nitrogen uptake was SF> SF<sub>1</sub>> SF<sub>2</sub>> CF> OF > CK. There was no significant difference in nitrogen uptake among different fertilization modes. The nitrogen use efficiency was 10.55% 24.17%. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in nitrogen use efficiency, which increased significantly from 16.72% to 24.17% with the amount of nitrogen applied decreased, among different special fertilizers (SF, SF<sub>1</sub> and SF<sub>2</sub>). The total nitrogen loss was 13.11-40.66 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, the descending order of which for all the treatments was: CF> SF> OF> SF<sub>1</sub>> SF<sub>2</sub>> CK. The main way of N loss in the cabbage field was by surface runoff, which accounted for 90.92% 94.42% of total nitrogen loss. The nitrogen loss by leaching surface runoff was significantly correlated with fertilization and leaching amounts, while the surface runoff was slightly impacted by fertilization and rainfall, and the ratio of leached N/fertilizer N was only 0.21%-0.56%. Nitrate was the main form of N loss in surface runoff while the ammonium was the main one in leachate. Compared with the chemical fertilizers, the special fertilizers decreased the total nitrogen loss by 7.43 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Among the special fertilizers, SF<sub>2</sub> decreased the total nitrogen loss by 12.02 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> compared with SF treatment.It is concluded that the special fertilizers and the reduced amount of nitrogen applied are beneficial to the increase of nitrogen use efficiency by cabbage and the decrease of nitrogen loss from the vegetable field, hence being helpful to protect the water environment in Taihu watershed. Based on the above research results, we can conclude that the reduced amount of special fertilizers by 20% is the environment-friendly way of fertilization for sustainable cabbage growing systems. |
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| ISSN: | 1008-9209 2097-5155 |