First Report of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> from Canine Dermatological Infections: Unravelling Its Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Traits

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The present study was aimed at documenting <i>S. maltophilia</i> occurrence in dogs with skin ailments, investigating its virulence, biofilm-forming ability, antimicrobial susceptibility, and zoonotic potential to inform preventive and therapeuti...

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Main Authors: Ria Rajeev, Porteen Kannan, Sureshkannan Sundaram, Sandhya Bhavani Mohan, Sivachandiran Radjendirane, Chaudhary Jeetendrakumar Harnathbhai, Anbazhagan Subbaiyan, Viswanathan Naveenkumar, Nithya Quintoil Mohanadasse, Wilfred Ruban Savariraj, Charley A. Cull, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/639
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author Ria Rajeev
Porteen Kannan
Sureshkannan Sundaram
Sandhya Bhavani Mohan
Sivachandiran Radjendirane
Chaudhary Jeetendrakumar Harnathbhai
Anbazhagan Subbaiyan
Viswanathan Naveenkumar
Nithya Quintoil Mohanadasse
Wilfred Ruban Savariraj
Charley A. Cull
Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
author_facet Ria Rajeev
Porteen Kannan
Sureshkannan Sundaram
Sandhya Bhavani Mohan
Sivachandiran Radjendirane
Chaudhary Jeetendrakumar Harnathbhai
Anbazhagan Subbaiyan
Viswanathan Naveenkumar
Nithya Quintoil Mohanadasse
Wilfred Ruban Savariraj
Charley A. Cull
Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
author_sort Ria Rajeev
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: The present study was aimed at documenting <i>S. maltophilia</i> occurrence in dogs with skin ailments, investigating its virulence, biofilm-forming ability, antimicrobial susceptibility, and zoonotic potential to inform preventive and therapeutic strategies against multidrug resistant <i>S. maltophilia</i> infections. <b>Methods</b>: Skin swabs (<i>n</i> = 300) were collected from dogs with dermatological ailments. Isolation was performed using selective media and confirmed with molecular methods, validated by MALDI Biotyper. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and efflux activity assessment were conducted. Resistance genes related to sulfonamides, quinolones, and β-lactams were screened. Virulence was assessed by biofilm formation, motility, and virulence gene profiling. <b>Results</b>: In total, 15 <i>S. maltophilia</i> (5%) isolates were identified. All 15 isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, minocycline, and tigecycline, but resistant to cefpodoxime and aztreonam. The following resistance genes <i>qnr</i> (93.3%), <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub> (46.7%), <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub> (33.3%), <i>bla</i><sub>NDM</sub> (33.3%), <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> (20%), <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> (20%), and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> (6.7%) were detected. All 15 isolates displayed high efflux activity. Overall, 9 isolates (60%) were strong biofilm producers, and 6 (40%) were moderate. Virulence genes such as <i>virB</i>, <i>motA</i>, <i>rmlA</i>, and <i>fliC</i> were present in all 15 isolates, with others varying in frequency. All isolates exhibited swimming motility. Heat map clustering showed diverse profiles, with no identical isolate patterns. Correlation analysis indicated positive associations between several antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study underscores the zoonotic potential of <i>S. maltophilia</i> from dogs, advocating for a One Health approach to mitigate infection risks and limit the spread of virulent multidrug resistant pathogens.
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spelling doaj-art-f523664d2a7e4715a7c6d38fc0cff2e42025-08-20T02:45:52ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-06-0114763910.3390/antibiotics14070639First Report of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> from Canine Dermatological Infections: Unravelling Its Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence TraitsRia Rajeev0Porteen Kannan1Sureshkannan Sundaram2Sandhya Bhavani Mohan3Sivachandiran Radjendirane4Chaudhary Jeetendrakumar Harnathbhai5Anbazhagan Subbaiyan6Viswanathan Naveenkumar7Nithya Quintoil Mohanadasse8Wilfred Ruban Savariraj9Charley A. Cull10Raghavendra G. Amachawadi11Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai 600051, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai 600051, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai 600051, IndiaDepartment of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai 600051, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai 600051, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand 388001, IndiaICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (NARFBR), Hyderabad 500101, IndiaVeterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Udumalpet 642205, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Puducherry 605009, IndiaDepartment of Livestock Products Technology, Karnataka Veterinary, Veterinary College, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, IndiaMidwest Veterinary Services, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The present study was aimed at documenting <i>S. maltophilia</i> occurrence in dogs with skin ailments, investigating its virulence, biofilm-forming ability, antimicrobial susceptibility, and zoonotic potential to inform preventive and therapeutic strategies against multidrug resistant <i>S. maltophilia</i> infections. <b>Methods</b>: Skin swabs (<i>n</i> = 300) were collected from dogs with dermatological ailments. Isolation was performed using selective media and confirmed with molecular methods, validated by MALDI Biotyper. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and efflux activity assessment were conducted. Resistance genes related to sulfonamides, quinolones, and β-lactams were screened. Virulence was assessed by biofilm formation, motility, and virulence gene profiling. <b>Results</b>: In total, 15 <i>S. maltophilia</i> (5%) isolates were identified. All 15 isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, minocycline, and tigecycline, but resistant to cefpodoxime and aztreonam. The following resistance genes <i>qnr</i> (93.3%), <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub> (46.7%), <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub> (33.3%), <i>bla</i><sub>NDM</sub> (33.3%), <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> (20%), <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> (20%), and <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> (6.7%) were detected. All 15 isolates displayed high efflux activity. Overall, 9 isolates (60%) were strong biofilm producers, and 6 (40%) were moderate. Virulence genes such as <i>virB</i>, <i>motA</i>, <i>rmlA</i>, and <i>fliC</i> were present in all 15 isolates, with others varying in frequency. All isolates exhibited swimming motility. Heat map clustering showed diverse profiles, with no identical isolate patterns. Correlation analysis indicated positive associations between several antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study underscores the zoonotic potential of <i>S. maltophilia</i> from dogs, advocating for a One Health approach to mitigate infection risks and limit the spread of virulent multidrug resistant pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/639<i>stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>One Healthskin swabsdogszoonotic
spellingShingle Ria Rajeev
Porteen Kannan
Sureshkannan Sundaram
Sandhya Bhavani Mohan
Sivachandiran Radjendirane
Chaudhary Jeetendrakumar Harnathbhai
Anbazhagan Subbaiyan
Viswanathan Naveenkumar
Nithya Quintoil Mohanadasse
Wilfred Ruban Savariraj
Charley A. Cull
Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
First Report of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> from Canine Dermatological Infections: Unravelling Its Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Traits
Antibiotics
<i>stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>
One Health
skin swabs
dogs
zoonotic
title First Report of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> from Canine Dermatological Infections: Unravelling Its Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Traits
title_full First Report of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> from Canine Dermatological Infections: Unravelling Its Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Traits
title_fullStr First Report of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> from Canine Dermatological Infections: Unravelling Its Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Traits
title_full_unstemmed First Report of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> from Canine Dermatological Infections: Unravelling Its Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Traits
title_short First Report of <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> from Canine Dermatological Infections: Unravelling Its Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Traits
title_sort first report of i stenotrophomonas maltophilia i from canine dermatological infections unravelling its antimicrobial resistance biofilm formation and virulence traits
topic <i>stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>
One Health
skin swabs
dogs
zoonotic
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/639
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