The role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the United Kingdom: a critical review

In the United Kingdom, the declining population of the red squirrel, the acknowledged historical reservoir for zoonotic Mycobacterium leprae leprosy, is thought to have been behind the decline in leprosy. However, remaining red squirrels are mainly plagued by Mycobacterium leprae, questioning their...

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Main Authors: S. Souguel, T. Oueslati, G. Grine, M. Drancourt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:One Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001508
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author S. Souguel
T. Oueslati
G. Grine
M. Drancourt
author_facet S. Souguel
T. Oueslati
G. Grine
M. Drancourt
author_sort S. Souguel
collection DOAJ
description In the United Kingdom, the declining population of the red squirrel, the acknowledged historical reservoir for zoonotic Mycobacterium leprae leprosy, is thought to have been behind the decline in leprosy. However, remaining red squirrels are mainly plagued by Mycobacterium leprae, questioning their historical role in zoonotic M. leprae leprosy dynamics. To resolve this issue, forthcoming paleomicrobiology studies will address the M. leprae complex as a whole; investigating the remains of squirrels buried for eight centuries, and burrowing animals imported in the United Kingdom from the British Empire countries between the 16th and 19th centuries; also looking at the situation in continental Europe, to gain a more comprehensive view of the historical zoonotic dynamics of leprosy in the United Kingdom and Europe. The results may indicate that the declining red squirrel population is no more than a red herring, obscuring a broader decline in leprosy.
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spelling doaj-art-f4e7de5e11404346a9fc2b7b0a39cdb52025-08-20T03:24:00ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142025-12-012110111410.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101114The role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the United Kingdom: a critical reviewS. Souguel0T. Oueslati1G. Grine2M. Drancourt3IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, FranceHALMA UMR8164 Université de Lille - CNRS - Ministère de la Culture, Lille, FranceIHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; MI2, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, FranceIHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Corresponding author at: Méditerranée Infection, 19–21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.In the United Kingdom, the declining population of the red squirrel, the acknowledged historical reservoir for zoonotic Mycobacterium leprae leprosy, is thought to have been behind the decline in leprosy. However, remaining red squirrels are mainly plagued by Mycobacterium leprae, questioning their historical role in zoonotic M. leprae leprosy dynamics. To resolve this issue, forthcoming paleomicrobiology studies will address the M. leprae complex as a whole; investigating the remains of squirrels buried for eight centuries, and burrowing animals imported in the United Kingdom from the British Empire countries between the 16th and 19th centuries; also looking at the situation in continental Europe, to gain a more comprehensive view of the historical zoonotic dynamics of leprosy in the United Kingdom and Europe. The results may indicate that the declining red squirrel population is no more than a red herring, obscuring a broader decline in leprosy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001508LepromatosisSquirrel
spellingShingle S. Souguel
T. Oueslati
G. Grine
M. Drancourt
The role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the United Kingdom: a critical review
One Health
Lepromatosis
Squirrel
title The role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the United Kingdom: a critical review
title_full The role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the United Kingdom: a critical review
title_fullStr The role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the United Kingdom: a critical review
title_full_unstemmed The role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the United Kingdom: a critical review
title_short The role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the United Kingdom: a critical review
title_sort role of red squirrels in leprosy dynamics in the united kingdom a critical review
topic Lepromatosis
Squirrel
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001508
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