Role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potential

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) to identify molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.MethodsUsing GEO data, IDD-related gene expression datasets were analyzed for hypoxia-related differentially...

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Main Authors: Kai Zhou, Jiaxiang Zhou, XianJin Luo, Yan Chen, Jian Ao, Wei Wu, Bo Yang, Zhongyuan He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1606905/full
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author Kai Zhou
Jiaxiang Zhou
XianJin Luo
Yan Chen
Jian Ao
Wei Wu
Bo Yang
Zhongyuan He
author_facet Kai Zhou
Jiaxiang Zhou
XianJin Luo
Yan Chen
Jian Ao
Wei Wu
Bo Yang
Zhongyuan He
author_sort Kai Zhou
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveTo investigate the role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) to identify molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.MethodsUsing GEO data, IDD-related gene expression datasets were analyzed for hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (HRDEGs). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of HRDEGs. Consensus clustering further delineated molecular subtypes of IDD. Functional enrichment analyses (GO, KEGG, GSEA) highlighted key pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were built in STRING and visualized with Cytoscape, identifying core genes with MCODE and CytoHubba. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed with CIBERSORT and ssGSEA to correlate immune cells with hypoxia-related genes. To validate the expression of potential biomarkers, qPCR and immunohistochemistry were conducted on human intervertebral disc tissue samples.ResultsThe integration of GSE150408 and GSE124272 datasets with batch effect removal enabled differential gene analysis, identifying nine HRDEGs, including RCOR2, STAT3, and NOTCH1. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that these genes have high diagnostic efficacy for IDD. Co-expression and clustering analyses revealed two distinct molecular subtypes in IDD, each characterized by unique gene expression and immune infiltration profiles. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses also showed that these DEGs are involved in pathways regulating TP53 transcription, oxidative phosphorylation, and MAPK signaling, contributing to IDD pathology.ConclusionsHypoxia-related genes, particularly RCOR2, STAT3, and NOTCH1, play a significant role in the pathology of IDD and may serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, with distinct immune infiltration patterns associated with different IDD subtypes.
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spelling doaj-art-f4bb768db6ff481c9dafbf9b47e2cb3f2025-08-20T03:31:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16069051606905Role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potentialKai Zhou0Jiaxiang Zhou1XianJin Luo2Yan Chen3Jian Ao4Wei Wu5Bo Yang6Zhongyuan He7Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, ChinaDeparment of Orthopaedics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaObjectiveTo investigate the role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) to identify molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.MethodsUsing GEO data, IDD-related gene expression datasets were analyzed for hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (HRDEGs). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of HRDEGs. Consensus clustering further delineated molecular subtypes of IDD. Functional enrichment analyses (GO, KEGG, GSEA) highlighted key pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were built in STRING and visualized with Cytoscape, identifying core genes with MCODE and CytoHubba. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed with CIBERSORT and ssGSEA to correlate immune cells with hypoxia-related genes. To validate the expression of potential biomarkers, qPCR and immunohistochemistry were conducted on human intervertebral disc tissue samples.ResultsThe integration of GSE150408 and GSE124272 datasets with batch effect removal enabled differential gene analysis, identifying nine HRDEGs, including RCOR2, STAT3, and NOTCH1. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that these genes have high diagnostic efficacy for IDD. Co-expression and clustering analyses revealed two distinct molecular subtypes in IDD, each characterized by unique gene expression and immune infiltration profiles. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses also showed that these DEGs are involved in pathways regulating TP53 transcription, oxidative phosphorylation, and MAPK signaling, contributing to IDD pathology.ConclusionsHypoxia-related genes, particularly RCOR2, STAT3, and NOTCH1, play a significant role in the pathology of IDD and may serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, with distinct immune infiltration patterns associated with different IDD subtypes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1606905/fullhypoxiaintervertebral disc degenerationbiomarkersimmune infiltrationgene expression
spellingShingle Kai Zhou
Jiaxiang Zhou
XianJin Luo
Yan Chen
Jian Ao
Wei Wu
Bo Yang
Zhongyuan He
Role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potential
Frontiers in Immunology
hypoxia
intervertebral disc degeneration
biomarkers
immune infiltration
gene expression
title Role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potential
title_full Role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potential
title_fullStr Role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potential
title_full_unstemmed Role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potential
title_short Role of hypoxia-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potential
title_sort role of hypoxia related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration molecular mechanisms and diagnostic potential
topic hypoxia
intervertebral disc degeneration
biomarkers
immune infiltration
gene expression
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1606905/full
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