Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa

Mangrove swamp rice (MSR) production is critical for the diet of small farmers of coastal Guinea-Bissau. In mangrove swamp agroecosystems, rice is grown during the rainy season when freshwater and nutrients are abundant. However, small-scale farmers face challenges like unpredictable rainfall and ri...

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Main Authors: Matilda Merkohasanaj, Nuno Cortez, Cristina Cunha-Queda, Anna Andreetta, Viriato Cossa, Francisco José Martín-Peinado, Marina Padrão Temudo, Luis F. Goulao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/2/342
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author Matilda Merkohasanaj
Nuno Cortez
Cristina Cunha-Queda
Anna Andreetta
Viriato Cossa
Francisco José Martín-Peinado
Marina Padrão Temudo
Luis F. Goulao
author_facet Matilda Merkohasanaj
Nuno Cortez
Cristina Cunha-Queda
Anna Andreetta
Viriato Cossa
Francisco José Martín-Peinado
Marina Padrão Temudo
Luis F. Goulao
author_sort Matilda Merkohasanaj
collection DOAJ
description Mangrove swamp rice (MSR) production is critical for the diet of small farmers of coastal Guinea-Bissau. In mangrove swamp agroecosystems, rice is grown during the rainy season when freshwater and nutrients are abundant. However, small-scale farmers face challenges like unpredictable rainfall and rising sea levels, which increase soil salinity and acidity. This study aims to assess soil physical–chemical properties, paired with farmers’ local practices, to evaluate fertility constraints, and to support sustainable soil–plant management practices. This co-designed research contributes to filling a gap concerning the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices adapted to specific contexts in West Africa. In two regions, Oio (center) and Tombali (south), rice yields were measured in semi-controlled trials both in two agroecological settings: Tidal Mangrove (TM) and Associated Mangrove (AM) fields. 380 soil samples were collected, and rice growing parameters were assessed during the 2021 and 2022 rice sowing, transplanting, and flowering periods. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Multivariate Regression Analysis (MRA) were applied to understand trends and build fertility proxies in predicting yields. Significant spatial and temporal variability in the soil properties between agroecologies was found. Salinity constraints in Oio TMs limit production to an average of 110 g/m<sup>2</sup>, compared to 250 g/m<sup>2</sup> in Tombali. Yield predictions account for 81% and 56.9% of the variance in TMs and AMs, respectively. Variables such as organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and precipitation positively influence yields, whereas sand content, pH, and iron oxides show a negative effect. This study advances the understanding of MSR production in Guinea-Bissau and underscores the importance of incorporating farmers’ knowledge of their diverse and complex production systems to effectively address these challenges.
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spelling doaj-art-f4b837b7bb9649f98d3eca7dcaaeadc42025-08-20T02:44:36ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-01-0115234210.3390/agronomy15020342Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West AfricaMatilda Merkohasanaj0Nuno Cortez1Cristina Cunha-Queda2Anna Andreetta3Viriato Cossa4Francisco José Martín-Peinado5Marina Padrão Temudo6Luis F. Goulao7Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalForest Research Centre (CEF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalLinking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Blocco A, 09042 Monserrato, ItalyLinking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalDepartamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainForest Research Centre (CEF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalLinking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalMangrove swamp rice (MSR) production is critical for the diet of small farmers of coastal Guinea-Bissau. In mangrove swamp agroecosystems, rice is grown during the rainy season when freshwater and nutrients are abundant. However, small-scale farmers face challenges like unpredictable rainfall and rising sea levels, which increase soil salinity and acidity. This study aims to assess soil physical–chemical properties, paired with farmers’ local practices, to evaluate fertility constraints, and to support sustainable soil–plant management practices. This co-designed research contributes to filling a gap concerning the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices adapted to specific contexts in West Africa. In two regions, Oio (center) and Tombali (south), rice yields were measured in semi-controlled trials both in two agroecological settings: Tidal Mangrove (TM) and Associated Mangrove (AM) fields. 380 soil samples were collected, and rice growing parameters were assessed during the 2021 and 2022 rice sowing, transplanting, and flowering periods. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Multivariate Regression Analysis (MRA) were applied to understand trends and build fertility proxies in predicting yields. Significant spatial and temporal variability in the soil properties between agroecologies was found. Salinity constraints in Oio TMs limit production to an average of 110 g/m<sup>2</sup>, compared to 250 g/m<sup>2</sup> in Tombali. Yield predictions account for 81% and 56.9% of the variance in TMs and AMs, respectively. Variables such as organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and precipitation positively influence yields, whereas sand content, pH, and iron oxides show a negative effect. This study advances the understanding of MSR production in Guinea-Bissau and underscores the importance of incorporating farmers’ knowledge of their diverse and complex production systems to effectively address these challenges.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/2/342acid sulfate soils<i>Oryza sativa</i><i>Oryza glaberrima</i>soil propertieson-farm trialsyield
spellingShingle Matilda Merkohasanaj
Nuno Cortez
Cristina Cunha-Queda
Anna Andreetta
Viriato Cossa
Francisco José Martín-Peinado
Marina Padrão Temudo
Luis F. Goulao
Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
Agronomy
acid sulfate soils
<i>Oryza sativa</i>
<i>Oryza glaberrima</i>
soil properties
on-farm trials
yield
title Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
title_full Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
title_fullStr Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
title_full_unstemmed Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
title_short Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
title_sort linking soil fertility and production constraints with local knowledge and practices for two different mangrove swamp rice agroecologies guinea bissau west africa
topic acid sulfate soils
<i>Oryza sativa</i>
<i>Oryza glaberrima</i>
soil properties
on-farm trials
yield
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/2/342
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