Restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy: 2 case reports

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, mania, psychosis and catatonia. While seizures are considered essential for the therapeutic effect of ECT, it concurrently has an anticonvulsant effect which plays a role in its mechanism of action. This prope...

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Main Authors: Michael Pinchuk, Kaat Hebbrecht, Pascal Sienaert, Elizabet Boon, Filip Bouckaert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1576374/full
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author Michael Pinchuk
Kaat Hebbrecht
Kaat Hebbrecht
Pascal Sienaert
Pascal Sienaert
Elizabet Boon
Filip Bouckaert
Filip Bouckaert
author_facet Michael Pinchuk
Kaat Hebbrecht
Kaat Hebbrecht
Pascal Sienaert
Pascal Sienaert
Elizabet Boon
Filip Bouckaert
Filip Bouckaert
author_sort Michael Pinchuk
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, mania, psychosis and catatonia. While seizures are considered essential for the therapeutic effect of ECT, it concurrently has an anticonvulsant effect which plays a role in its mechanism of action. This property has also prompted the use of ECT in managing status epilepticus (SE).Case PresentationWe report two distinct cases of prolonged seizures during ECT that persisted for more than 5 min despite administration of propofol and lorazepam, ultimately meeting criteria for status epilepticus (SE). The first case involved an 80-year old woman with severe psychotic depression starting ECT, while the second case involved a 30-year old man receiving maintenance ECT for difficult-to-treat schizophrenic psychosis. In both cases, SE was promptly terminated by restimulation, defined as an additional stimulus delivered within the same ECT session. After epilepsy and intracranial pathology were ruled out, ECT was safely resumed in both patients after switching from etomidate to propofol induction.ConclusionStatus epilepticus after ECT can be resolved by restimulation when standard interventions are unsuccessful, thereby avoiding potential neurological complications. We provide an overview of the mechanism and current clinical evidence supporting this strategy, and propose an amended clinical practice protocol for SE after ECT.
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spelling doaj-art-f485c0b5ba714a0f947590b0a58075b72025-08-20T02:16:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-05-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.15763741576374Restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy: 2 case reportsMichael Pinchuk0Kaat Hebbrecht1Kaat Hebbrecht2Pascal Sienaert3Pascal Sienaert4Elizabet Boon5Filip Bouckaert6Filip Bouckaert7University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumUniversity Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumKU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, BelgiumUniversity Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumKU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, BelgiumUniversity Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumKU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, BelgiumKU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, mania, psychosis and catatonia. While seizures are considered essential for the therapeutic effect of ECT, it concurrently has an anticonvulsant effect which plays a role in its mechanism of action. This property has also prompted the use of ECT in managing status epilepticus (SE).Case PresentationWe report two distinct cases of prolonged seizures during ECT that persisted for more than 5 min despite administration of propofol and lorazepam, ultimately meeting criteria for status epilepticus (SE). The first case involved an 80-year old woman with severe psychotic depression starting ECT, while the second case involved a 30-year old man receiving maintenance ECT for difficult-to-treat schizophrenic psychosis. In both cases, SE was promptly terminated by restimulation, defined as an additional stimulus delivered within the same ECT session. After epilepsy and intracranial pathology were ruled out, ECT was safely resumed in both patients after switching from etomidate to propofol induction.ConclusionStatus epilepticus after ECT can be resolved by restimulation when standard interventions are unsuccessful, thereby avoiding potential neurological complications. We provide an overview of the mechanism and current clinical evidence supporting this strategy, and propose an amended clinical practice protocol for SE after ECT.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1576374/fullelectroconvulsive therapystatus epilepticusprolonged seizuremechanismcomplicationanticonvulsant hypothesis
spellingShingle Michael Pinchuk
Kaat Hebbrecht
Kaat Hebbrecht
Pascal Sienaert
Pascal Sienaert
Elizabet Boon
Filip Bouckaert
Filip Bouckaert
Restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy: 2 case reports
Frontiers in Psychiatry
electroconvulsive therapy
status epilepticus
prolonged seizure
mechanism
complication
anticonvulsant hypothesis
title Restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy: 2 case reports
title_full Restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy: 2 case reports
title_fullStr Restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy: 2 case reports
title_full_unstemmed Restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy: 2 case reports
title_short Restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy: 2 case reports
title_sort restimulation could stop status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy 2 case reports
topic electroconvulsive therapy
status epilepticus
prolonged seizure
mechanism
complication
anticonvulsant hypothesis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1576374/full
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