Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort study

Background and aimsThe non-invasive Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The associations of the CVAI and its longitudinal changes with hypertension and related comorbidities remain poorly understood. This study aims to examine the a...

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Main Authors: Jinjian Xu, Yingdi Yang, Ye Hu, Yingxiang Song, Xiao Ye, Yu-ming Chen, Hanbing Li, Xiaohong Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1557868/full
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author Jinjian Xu
Yingdi Yang
Ye Hu
Yingxiang Song
Xiao Ye
Yu-ming Chen
Hanbing Li
Xiaohong Wu
author_facet Jinjian Xu
Yingdi Yang
Ye Hu
Yingxiang Song
Xiao Ye
Yu-ming Chen
Hanbing Li
Xiaohong Wu
author_sort Jinjian Xu
collection DOAJ
description Background and aimsThe non-invasive Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The associations of the CVAI and its longitudinal changes with hypertension and related comorbidities remain poorly understood. This study aims to examine the associations between CVAI, its trajectories, and hypertensive comorbidities.MethodsThis study included 5,058 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), with baseline data collected in 2011–2012. Participants were subsequently followed across four waves: 2013–2014, 2015–2016, 2017–2018, and 2019–2020. Study outcomes included hypertension (HTN) and its comorbidities: overweight (HTN-OW), metabolic unhealthiness (HTN-MET), and diabetes (HTN-DM). Prospective associations between baseline CVAI and these outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression. Longitudinal trajectories of CVAI over 3 years (2012–2015) were identified through K-means clustering analysis.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2020, 1,581 participants (31.3% of the 5,058 total) developed HTN. The higher CVAI was significantly associated with risk of HTN (HR per 1 SD increase = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.33) and hypertensive co-morbidities (HTN-OW, HTN-MET, and HTN-DM) (HR = 1.20–1.38, p < 0.01). Both per-quartile increment in CVAI and cumulative CVAI showed significant positive associations with HTN risk and its comorbidities (all p-trend < 0.05). K-means clustering analysis generated three trajectories of change in CVAI levels (low, moderate, and high) between 2012 and 2015, and higher class was significantly associated with risk of HTN and co-morbidities compared to low class (HR = 1.63∼1.65, p < 0.05, p-trend < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings highlight the significant positive correlation between the change in CVAI with hypertension and comorbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population, suggesting a potential application in the clinical assessment and prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
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spelling doaj-art-f4723571fce64d8fa6ea6b2ea0fa87402025-08-20T02:36:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15578681557868Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort studyJinjian Xu0Yingdi Yang1Ye Hu2Yingxiang Song3Xiao Ye4Yu-ming Chen5Hanbing Li6Xiaohong Wu7Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, ChinaBackground and aimsThe non-invasive Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The associations of the CVAI and its longitudinal changes with hypertension and related comorbidities remain poorly understood. This study aims to examine the associations between CVAI, its trajectories, and hypertensive comorbidities.MethodsThis study included 5,058 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), with baseline data collected in 2011–2012. Participants were subsequently followed across four waves: 2013–2014, 2015–2016, 2017–2018, and 2019–2020. Study outcomes included hypertension (HTN) and its comorbidities: overweight (HTN-OW), metabolic unhealthiness (HTN-MET), and diabetes (HTN-DM). Prospective associations between baseline CVAI and these outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression. Longitudinal trajectories of CVAI over 3 years (2012–2015) were identified through K-means clustering analysis.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2020, 1,581 participants (31.3% of the 5,058 total) developed HTN. The higher CVAI was significantly associated with risk of HTN (HR per 1 SD increase = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.33) and hypertensive co-morbidities (HTN-OW, HTN-MET, and HTN-DM) (HR = 1.20–1.38, p < 0.01). Both per-quartile increment in CVAI and cumulative CVAI showed significant positive associations with HTN risk and its comorbidities (all p-trend < 0.05). K-means clustering analysis generated three trajectories of change in CVAI levels (low, moderate, and high) between 2012 and 2015, and higher class was significantly associated with risk of HTN and co-morbidities compared to low class (HR = 1.63∼1.65, p < 0.05, p-trend < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings highlight the significant positive correlation between the change in CVAI with hypertension and comorbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population, suggesting a potential application in the clinical assessment and prevention of cardiometabolic disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1557868/fullChinese visceral adiposity indextrajectory analysishypertensioncomorbidityprospective cohort study
spellingShingle Jinjian Xu
Yingdi Yang
Ye Hu
Yingxiang Song
Xiao Ye
Yu-ming Chen
Hanbing Li
Xiaohong Wu
Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort study
Frontiers in Nutrition
Chinese visceral adiposity index
trajectory analysis
hypertension
comorbidity
prospective cohort study
title Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort study
title_full Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort study
title_short Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort study
title_sort associations between dynamic change of chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co morbidities in the middle aged and elderly population a chinese prospective cohort study
topic Chinese visceral adiposity index
trajectory analysis
hypertension
comorbidity
prospective cohort study
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1557868/full
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