Phenological and Morphological Analysis of Elite Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] Genotypes under Normal Irrigated Conditions

Phenological and morphological traits, environmental conditions, and management practices influence the grain yield of bread wheat. Twenty elite wheat genotypes were evaluated under irrigated conditions using an alpha lattice design with two replications at IAAS, Paklihawa, Nepal, in 2021–2022 to id...

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Main Authors: Binod Panthi, Priyanka Kunwar, Mukti Ram Poudel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universitas Brawijaya 2025-04-01
Series:AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science
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Online Access:https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/view/4480
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author Binod Panthi
Priyanka Kunwar
Mukti Ram Poudel
author_facet Binod Panthi
Priyanka Kunwar
Mukti Ram Poudel
author_sort Binod Panthi
collection DOAJ
description Phenological and morphological traits, environmental conditions, and management practices influence the grain yield of bread wheat. Twenty elite wheat genotypes were evaluated under irrigated conditions using an alpha lattice design with two replications at IAAS, Paklihawa, Nepal, in 2021–2022 to identify key yield-attributing traits. Among 11 phenological and morphological traits, days to booting (DTB), plant height (Ph), spike length (SL), and number of spikelets per spike (NSPS) showed high heritability and genetic advance. Phenotypic correlation revealed significant (P<0.01) negative associations of grain yield (GY) with DTB (-0.434), days to heading (DTH, -0.411), and Ph (-0.411). Principal component and biplot analyses highlighted DTB, DTH, days to anthesis (DTA), and Ph as key traits negatively correlated with GY. Path analysis demonstrated a direct negative effect of DTB (-0.745) and Ph (-0.336) on GY, while DTH (0.131) and DTA (0.104) had positive effects, offset by DTB’s indirect influence. Thus, early booting and shorter plant height are recommended for achieving high yields. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into five clusters, with cluster 2 (BL 4407, BL 4919, NL 1346) and cluster 5 (NL 1350) identified as promising candidates for developing dwarf and earlybooting varieties in irrigation-based breeding programs respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-f43e0d3bbc104db8874e99cf78acd7ea2025-08-20T03:21:55ZengUniversitas BrawijayaAGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science0126-05372477-85162025-04-0147224025910.17503/agrivita.v47i2.4480854Phenological and Morphological Analysis of Elite Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] Genotypes under Normal Irrigated ConditionsBinod Panthi0Priyanka Kunwar1Mukti Ram Poudel2Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Pakihawa Campus, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, NepalTribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Pakihawa Campus, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, NepalTribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Pakihawa Campus, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, NepalPhenological and morphological traits, environmental conditions, and management practices influence the grain yield of bread wheat. Twenty elite wheat genotypes were evaluated under irrigated conditions using an alpha lattice design with two replications at IAAS, Paklihawa, Nepal, in 2021–2022 to identify key yield-attributing traits. Among 11 phenological and morphological traits, days to booting (DTB), plant height (Ph), spike length (SL), and number of spikelets per spike (NSPS) showed high heritability and genetic advance. Phenotypic correlation revealed significant (P<0.01) negative associations of grain yield (GY) with DTB (-0.434), days to heading (DTH, -0.411), and Ph (-0.411). Principal component and biplot analyses highlighted DTB, DTH, days to anthesis (DTA), and Ph as key traits negatively correlated with GY. Path analysis demonstrated a direct negative effect of DTB (-0.745) and Ph (-0.336) on GY, while DTH (0.131) and DTA (0.104) had positive effects, offset by DTB’s indirect influence. Thus, early booting and shorter plant height are recommended for achieving high yields. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into five clusters, with cluster 2 (BL 4407, BL 4919, NL 1346) and cluster 5 (NL 1350) identified as promising candidates for developing dwarf and earlybooting varieties in irrigation-based breeding programs respectively.https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/view/4480dwarfearlierfood securityheritabilitywheat
spellingShingle Binod Panthi
Priyanka Kunwar
Mukti Ram Poudel
Phenological and Morphological Analysis of Elite Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] Genotypes under Normal Irrigated Conditions
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science
dwarf
earlier
food security
heritability
wheat
title Phenological and Morphological Analysis of Elite Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] Genotypes under Normal Irrigated Conditions
title_full Phenological and Morphological Analysis of Elite Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] Genotypes under Normal Irrigated Conditions
title_fullStr Phenological and Morphological Analysis of Elite Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] Genotypes under Normal Irrigated Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Phenological and Morphological Analysis of Elite Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] Genotypes under Normal Irrigated Conditions
title_short Phenological and Morphological Analysis of Elite Wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] Genotypes under Normal Irrigated Conditions
title_sort phenological and morphological analysis of elite wheat triticum aestivum l genotypes under normal irrigated conditions
topic dwarf
earlier
food security
heritability
wheat
url https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/view/4480
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AT priyankakunwar phenologicalandmorphologicalanalysisofelitewheattriticumaestivumlgenotypesundernormalirrigatedconditions
AT muktirampoudel phenologicalandmorphologicalanalysisofelitewheattriticumaestivumlgenotypesundernormalirrigatedconditions