Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with Nutrition
Exercise is a cornerstone therapy for chronic diseases related to multiorgan insulin resistance. However, not all individuals show the anticipated improvement in insulin sensitivity following exercise and these individuals are considered exercise resistant. Caloric restriction is an approach to enha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Diabetes Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8314852 |
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| _version_ | 1832566794790895616 |
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| author | Julian M. Gaitan Arthur Weltman Steven K. Malin |
| author_facet | Julian M. Gaitan Arthur Weltman Steven K. Malin |
| author_sort | Julian M. Gaitan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exercise is a cornerstone therapy for chronic diseases related to multiorgan insulin resistance. However, not all individuals show the anticipated improvement in insulin sensitivity following exercise and these individuals are considered exercise resistant. Caloric restriction is an approach to enhance the effect of exercise on increasing peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, as replenishing expended calories blunts these benefits. Alternatively, restricting carbohydrate intake, independent of energy balance, following exercise provides an additive effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity when compared to refeeding carbohydrate. Although carbohydrate composition modulates insulin sensitivity, few have studied effects of low glycemic index or whole-grain diets following exercise across prediabetes phenotypes on insulin sensitivity. Herein, we propose the novel hypothesis that the combination of individualized nutrition therapy and exercise should be based on the clinical pathology of prediabetes to overcome exercise resistance and improve responsiveness in people at risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f421c32496d947628b832297f42bf665 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-6745 2314-6753 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Diabetes Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f421c32496d947628b832297f42bf6652025-02-03T01:03:11ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Research2314-67452314-67532017-01-01201710.1155/2017/83148528314852Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with NutritionJulian M. Gaitan0Arthur Weltman1Steven K. Malin2Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USADepartment of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USADepartment of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAExercise is a cornerstone therapy for chronic diseases related to multiorgan insulin resistance. However, not all individuals show the anticipated improvement in insulin sensitivity following exercise and these individuals are considered exercise resistant. Caloric restriction is an approach to enhance the effect of exercise on increasing peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, as replenishing expended calories blunts these benefits. Alternatively, restricting carbohydrate intake, independent of energy balance, following exercise provides an additive effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity when compared to refeeding carbohydrate. Although carbohydrate composition modulates insulin sensitivity, few have studied effects of low glycemic index or whole-grain diets following exercise across prediabetes phenotypes on insulin sensitivity. Herein, we propose the novel hypothesis that the combination of individualized nutrition therapy and exercise should be based on the clinical pathology of prediabetes to overcome exercise resistance and improve responsiveness in people at risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8314852 |
| spellingShingle | Julian M. Gaitan Arthur Weltman Steven K. Malin Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with Nutrition Journal of Diabetes Research |
| title | Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with Nutrition |
| title_full | Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with Nutrition |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with Nutrition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with Nutrition |
| title_short | Enhancing Exercise Responsiveness across Prediabetes Phenotypes by Targeting Insulin Sensitivity with Nutrition |
| title_sort | enhancing exercise responsiveness across prediabetes phenotypes by targeting insulin sensitivity with nutrition |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8314852 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT julianmgaitan enhancingexerciseresponsivenessacrossprediabetesphenotypesbytargetinginsulinsensitivitywithnutrition AT arthurweltman enhancingexerciseresponsivenessacrossprediabetesphenotypesbytargetinginsulinsensitivitywithnutrition AT stevenkmalin enhancingexerciseresponsivenessacrossprediabetesphenotypesbytargetinginsulinsensitivitywithnutrition |