HAS1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ECM remodeling

Abstract Background Although tumor cell heterogeneity between the tumor center (TC) and invasion front (IF) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is well documented, the morphological, molecular, and functional characteristics of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in these regions remain poorly u...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wanyong Jin, Qiuya Yu, Liyuan Yu, Ting Zhou, Xiren Wang, Wanqiu Lu, Xiaoxin Zhang, Liang Ding, Qingang Hu, Yanhong Ni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03493-6
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849760925008003072
author Wanyong Jin
Qiuya Yu
Liyuan Yu
Ting Zhou
Xiren Wang
Wanqiu Lu
Xiaoxin Zhang
Liang Ding
Qingang Hu
Yanhong Ni
author_facet Wanyong Jin
Qiuya Yu
Liyuan Yu
Ting Zhou
Xiren Wang
Wanqiu Lu
Xiaoxin Zhang
Liang Ding
Qingang Hu
Yanhong Ni
author_sort Wanyong Jin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Although tumor cell heterogeneity between the tumor center (TC) and invasion front (IF) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is well documented, the morphological, molecular, and functional characteristics of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in these regions remain poorly understood. Methods We examined hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained OSCC sections to assess CAF morphology and correlation with patient prognosis. We then isolated paired CAFs from the tumor center (CAFTC) and invasion front (CAFIF) of four OSCC patients and compared their ECM-remodeling activity and pro-tumorigenic effects on OSCC cells. Furthermore, RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes between CAFTC and CAFIF. Finally, based on RNA-seq findings, we knocked down hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) in CAFIF to evaluate its role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and tumor invasion. Results Compared to CAFTC, CAFIF exhibited a plump cell morphology and were associated with shorter disease-free survival. Functionally, CAFIF showed higher ECM-remodeling activity and more effective ability for promoting OSCC invasion and lymph node metastasis than CAFTC. RNA-seq identified HAS1 was significantly upregulated in CAFIF, promoting hyaluronic acid (HA) production and ECM remodeling. HAS1 knockdown in CAFIF diminished ECM remodeling and attenuated the ability of CAFIF to promoting OSCC invasion. Conclusion CAFIF with plump cell morphology showed pro-invasive abilities, driven in part by HAS1 overexpression and ECM remodeling, suggesting that targeting HAS1-driven ECM remodeling could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
format Article
id doaj-art-f40e316caa474bdbb4acaeb3fa71bb11
institution DOAJ
issn 1756-9966
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
spelling doaj-art-f40e316caa474bdbb4acaeb3fa71bb112025-08-20T03:06:10ZengBMCJournal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research1756-99662025-08-0144111910.1186/s13046-025-03493-6HAS1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ECM remodelingWanyong Jin0Qiuya Yu1Liyuan Yu2Ting Zhou3Xiren Wang4Wanqiu Lu5Xiaoxin Zhang6Liang Ding7Qingang Hu8Yanhong Ni9Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversitySchool of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical UniversityCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityAbstract Background Although tumor cell heterogeneity between the tumor center (TC) and invasion front (IF) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is well documented, the morphological, molecular, and functional characteristics of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in these regions remain poorly understood. Methods We examined hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained OSCC sections to assess CAF morphology and correlation with patient prognosis. We then isolated paired CAFs from the tumor center (CAFTC) and invasion front (CAFIF) of four OSCC patients and compared their ECM-remodeling activity and pro-tumorigenic effects on OSCC cells. Furthermore, RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes between CAFTC and CAFIF. Finally, based on RNA-seq findings, we knocked down hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) in CAFIF to evaluate its role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and tumor invasion. Results Compared to CAFTC, CAFIF exhibited a plump cell morphology and were associated with shorter disease-free survival. Functionally, CAFIF showed higher ECM-remodeling activity and more effective ability for promoting OSCC invasion and lymph node metastasis than CAFTC. RNA-seq identified HAS1 was significantly upregulated in CAFIF, promoting hyaluronic acid (HA) production and ECM remodeling. HAS1 knockdown in CAFIF diminished ECM remodeling and attenuated the ability of CAFIF to promoting OSCC invasion. Conclusion CAFIF with plump cell morphology showed pro-invasive abilities, driven in part by HAS1 overexpression and ECM remodeling, suggesting that targeting HAS1-driven ECM remodeling could be a promising therapeutic strategy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03493-6Oral squamous cell carcinomaCancer associated fibroblastInvasion frontExtracellular matrix remodeling
spellingShingle Wanyong Jin
Qiuya Yu
Liyuan Yu
Ting Zhou
Xiren Wang
Wanqiu Lu
Xiaoxin Zhang
Liang Ding
Qingang Hu
Yanhong Ni
HAS1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ECM remodeling
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer associated fibroblast
Invasion front
Extracellular matrix remodeling
title HAS1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ECM remodeling
title_full HAS1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ECM remodeling
title_fullStr HAS1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ECM remodeling
title_full_unstemmed HAS1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ECM remodeling
title_short HAS1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ECM remodeling
title_sort has1high cancer associated fibroblasts located at the tumor invasion front zone promote oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via ecm remodeling
topic Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer associated fibroblast
Invasion front
Extracellular matrix remodeling
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03493-6
work_keys_str_mv AT wanyongjin has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT qiuyayu has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT liyuanyu has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT tingzhou has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT xirenwang has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT wanqiulu has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT xiaoxinzhang has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT liangding has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT qinganghu has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling
AT yanhongni has1highcancerassociatedfibroblastslocatedatthetumorinvasionfrontzonepromoteoralsquamouscellcarcinomainvasionviaecmremodeling