CO2 monitoring in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) helmets: A bench study assessment of sensor integration
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a well-established technique for managing acute respiratory failure in various clinical settings. However, safety concerns in clinical NIV applications emerge due to the absence of robust monitoring and alarm systems, potentially leading to issues such as CO2 rebreat...
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025008801 |
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| author | Camilla Gironi Ramin Amiri Marco Giacinti Baschetti Cristiana Boi Laura Cercenelli Barbara Bortolani Emanuela Marcelli |
| author_facet | Camilla Gironi Ramin Amiri Marco Giacinti Baschetti Cristiana Boi Laura Cercenelli Barbara Bortolani Emanuela Marcelli |
| author_sort | Camilla Gironi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a well-established technique for managing acute respiratory failure in various clinical settings. However, safety concerns in clinical NIV applications emerge due to the absence of robust monitoring and alarm systems, potentially leading to issues such as CO2 rebreathing during flow-block events. This work aims to enhance the safety and monitoring of NIV systems by studying the integration of two types of carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors within NIV helmets. The investigation encompasses two main analyses. The first analysis explores the impact of varying the fresh inlet gas flow rate on local CO2 concentrations within the helmet. The second analysis investigates the response of CO2 sensors during simulated flow-block events, a critical safety concern in NIV therapy. In both analyses the effect of the sensor positioning is also investigated. Results demonstrate that higher fresh gas flow rates enhance CO2 washout within the helmet, highlighting the importance of optimizing gas flow rates to mitigate CO2 rebreathing. The positioning of CO2 sensors within the helmet was also found to significantly influence measurements by affecting signal stability and response to flow-block events. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of integrating CO2 sensors within NIV helmets to enhance patient safety and treatment effectiveness. The knowledge gained from this study can be used to guide the design and optimization of NIV systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f3e0517d360543e8bc235ea3f95ebc7d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-f3e0517d360543e8bc235ea3f95ebc7d2025-08-20T03:19:56ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-05-011110e4250010.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42500CO2 monitoring in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) helmets: A bench study assessment of sensor integrationCamilla Gironi0Ramin Amiri1Marco Giacinti Baschetti2Cristiana Boi3Laura Cercenelli4Barbara Bortolani5Emanuela Marcelli6Laboratory of Bioengineering – eDIMES Lab, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies – Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyLaboratory of Bioengineering – eDIMES Lab, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Corresponding author.Laboratory of Bioengineering – eDIMES Lab, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyHealth Sciences and Technologies – Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a well-established technique for managing acute respiratory failure in various clinical settings. However, safety concerns in clinical NIV applications emerge due to the absence of robust monitoring and alarm systems, potentially leading to issues such as CO2 rebreathing during flow-block events. This work aims to enhance the safety and monitoring of NIV systems by studying the integration of two types of carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors within NIV helmets. The investigation encompasses two main analyses. The first analysis explores the impact of varying the fresh inlet gas flow rate on local CO2 concentrations within the helmet. The second analysis investigates the response of CO2 sensors during simulated flow-block events, a critical safety concern in NIV therapy. In both analyses the effect of the sensor positioning is also investigated. Results demonstrate that higher fresh gas flow rates enhance CO2 washout within the helmet, highlighting the importance of optimizing gas flow rates to mitigate CO2 rebreathing. The positioning of CO2 sensors within the helmet was also found to significantly influence measurements by affecting signal stability and response to flow-block events. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of integrating CO2 sensors within NIV helmets to enhance patient safety and treatment effectiveness. The knowledge gained from this study can be used to guide the design and optimization of NIV systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025008801HelmetNoninvasive ventilationNIVAcute respiratory failureCarbon dioxide rebreathingCO2 sensor |
| spellingShingle | Camilla Gironi Ramin Amiri Marco Giacinti Baschetti Cristiana Boi Laura Cercenelli Barbara Bortolani Emanuela Marcelli CO2 monitoring in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) helmets: A bench study assessment of sensor integration Heliyon Helmet Noninvasive ventilation NIV Acute respiratory failure Carbon dioxide rebreathing CO2 sensor |
| title | CO2 monitoring in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) helmets: A bench study assessment of sensor integration |
| title_full | CO2 monitoring in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) helmets: A bench study assessment of sensor integration |
| title_fullStr | CO2 monitoring in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) helmets: A bench study assessment of sensor integration |
| title_full_unstemmed | CO2 monitoring in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) helmets: A bench study assessment of sensor integration |
| title_short | CO2 monitoring in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) helmets: A bench study assessment of sensor integration |
| title_sort | co2 monitoring in non invasive ventilation niv helmets a bench study assessment of sensor integration |
| topic | Helmet Noninvasive ventilation NIV Acute respiratory failure Carbon dioxide rebreathing CO2 sensor |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025008801 |
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