Robust Face Recognition Using Deep Learning and Ensemble Classification

Facial recognition systems are widely used in various applications such as security, healthcare, and authentication, but face significant challenges in uncontrolled environments. Poor lighting conditions can obscure facial features, introduce shadows, and distort spatial relationships, while changes...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pavani Chitrapu, Mahesh Kumar Morampudi, Hemantha Kumar Kalluri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11018371/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850161214622007296
author Pavani Chitrapu
Mahesh Kumar Morampudi
Hemantha Kumar Kalluri
author_facet Pavani Chitrapu
Mahesh Kumar Morampudi
Hemantha Kumar Kalluri
author_sort Pavani Chitrapu
collection DOAJ
description Facial recognition systems are widely used in various applications such as security, healthcare, and authentication, but face significant challenges in uncontrolled environments. Poor lighting conditions can obscure facial features, introduce shadows, and distort spatial relationships, while changes in pose are critical for accurate identification. Existing methods often struggle to strike a balance between accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness. Deep learning has become popular for automatically learning features through convolution layers. This study proposes a robust framework that integrates contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and adaptive gamma correction for illumination normalization and multi-task cascaded convolutional networks (MTCNN) for precise face detection under varying poses and lighting conditions. This study proposes a deep learning-based approach for face recognition utilising multiple models, including VGG16, VGG19, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and MobileNetV2. For classification, an ensemble of SVM, XGBoost, and random forest classifiers is combined using weighted averaging. The approach is tested on datasets such as CASIA3D and 105PinsFace, which include variations in illumination conditions. Using deep learning for automated hierarchical feature extraction and ensemble strategies, experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in recognition accuracy and enhanced robustness against lighting and pose variations while ensuring scalability for real-world applications. The approach achieved 99.91% accuracy on the CASIA3D dataset and 98.77% on the 105PinsFace dataset, showcasing its effectiveness across challenging conditions.
format Article
id doaj-art-f3ce2a8ad3ff4104a1ee85bfe59008cc
institution OA Journals
issn 2169-3536
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Access
spelling doaj-art-f3ce2a8ad3ff4104a1ee85bfe59008cc2025-08-20T02:22:56ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113999579996910.1109/ACCESS.2025.357519211018371Robust Face Recognition Using Deep Learning and Ensemble ClassificationPavani Chitrapu0Mahesh Kumar Morampudi1Hemantha Kumar Kalluri2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1938-9098Department of CSE, SRM University-AP, Neerukonda, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of CSE, SRM University-AP, Neerukonda, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of CSE, SRM University-AP, Neerukonda, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaFacial recognition systems are widely used in various applications such as security, healthcare, and authentication, but face significant challenges in uncontrolled environments. Poor lighting conditions can obscure facial features, introduce shadows, and distort spatial relationships, while changes in pose are critical for accurate identification. Existing methods often struggle to strike a balance between accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness. Deep learning has become popular for automatically learning features through convolution layers. This study proposes a robust framework that integrates contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and adaptive gamma correction for illumination normalization and multi-task cascaded convolutional networks (MTCNN) for precise face detection under varying poses and lighting conditions. This study proposes a deep learning-based approach for face recognition utilising multiple models, including VGG16, VGG19, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and MobileNetV2. For classification, an ensemble of SVM, XGBoost, and random forest classifiers is combined using weighted averaging. The approach is tested on datasets such as CASIA3D and 105PinsFace, which include variations in illumination conditions. Using deep learning for automated hierarchical feature extraction and ensemble strategies, experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in recognition accuracy and enhanced robustness against lighting and pose variations while ensuring scalability for real-world applications. The approach achieved 99.91% accuracy on the CASIA3D dataset and 98.77% on the 105PinsFace dataset, showcasing its effectiveness across challenging conditions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11018371/Face recognitiondeep learningCLAHEMTCNNensembling
spellingShingle Pavani Chitrapu
Mahesh Kumar Morampudi
Hemantha Kumar Kalluri
Robust Face Recognition Using Deep Learning and Ensemble Classification
IEEE Access
Face recognition
deep learning
CLAHE
MTCNN
ensembling
title Robust Face Recognition Using Deep Learning and Ensemble Classification
title_full Robust Face Recognition Using Deep Learning and Ensemble Classification
title_fullStr Robust Face Recognition Using Deep Learning and Ensemble Classification
title_full_unstemmed Robust Face Recognition Using Deep Learning and Ensemble Classification
title_short Robust Face Recognition Using Deep Learning and Ensemble Classification
title_sort robust face recognition using deep learning and ensemble classification
topic Face recognition
deep learning
CLAHE
MTCNN
ensembling
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11018371/
work_keys_str_mv AT pavanichitrapu robustfacerecognitionusingdeeplearningandensembleclassification
AT maheshkumarmorampudi robustfacerecognitionusingdeeplearningandensembleclassification
AT hemanthakumarkalluri robustfacerecognitionusingdeeplearningandensembleclassification