Modeling and Operation Optimization of a Hydrogen‐Compressed Natural Gas‐Integrated Energy System With Variable Hydrogen Content and Flexible Thermal Load

ABSTRACT In integrated energy systems (IESs) with high share of renewable energy, converting excess electrical energy into hydrogen (H2) and mixing it with natural gas (NG) offers numerous advantages and has become a key research focus. However, IES operations are influenced by various factors, such...

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Main Authors: Jing Chen, Bo Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Energy Science & Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70005
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author Jing Chen
Bo Sun
author_facet Jing Chen
Bo Sun
author_sort Jing Chen
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT In integrated energy systems (IESs) with high share of renewable energy, converting excess electrical energy into hydrogen (H2) and mixing it with natural gas (NG) offers numerous advantages and has become a key research focus. However, IES operations are influenced by various factors, such as equipment performance, energy flow dynamics, and load management, which are often overlooked in traditional optimization approaches. This study develops a novel hydrogen‐compressed natural gas (HCNG)‐IES model and operational strategy to address these challenges. An equivalence framework is established between electricity and hybrid gas, enabling the creation of an equivalent circuit model integrating electricity, heat, HCNG, H2, and NG. This model captures the intricate interactions and dependencies amongst energy equipment, multi‐energy flow, and consumption loads. An optimized operational strategy is proposed, leveraging variable H2 content in the gas mixture and adaptable thermal loads, while accounting for the energy inertia of H2 storage and building systems to maintain supply–demand balance. Case studies reveal that incorporating HCNG technology increases renewable resources utilization, reducing operational costs, carbon emissions, and primary energy consumption by 23%, 24%, and 23%, respectively. Moreover, compared to conventional NG‐IES optimization focused solely on equipment output, the proposed HCNG‐IES approach achieves reductions of 28.12% in costs, 24.36% in carbon emissions, and 39.13% in primary energy consumption.
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spelling doaj-art-f3b17342ae18436eaaf59298c07bfbe82025-08-20T02:27:18ZengWileyEnergy Science & Engineering2050-05052025-04-011341858187010.1002/ese3.70005Modeling and Operation Optimization of a Hydrogen‐Compressed Natural Gas‐Integrated Energy System With Variable Hydrogen Content and Flexible Thermal LoadJing Chen0Bo Sun1School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management University Jinan ChinaSchool of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan ChinaABSTRACT In integrated energy systems (IESs) with high share of renewable energy, converting excess electrical energy into hydrogen (H2) and mixing it with natural gas (NG) offers numerous advantages and has become a key research focus. However, IES operations are influenced by various factors, such as equipment performance, energy flow dynamics, and load management, which are often overlooked in traditional optimization approaches. This study develops a novel hydrogen‐compressed natural gas (HCNG)‐IES model and operational strategy to address these challenges. An equivalence framework is established between electricity and hybrid gas, enabling the creation of an equivalent circuit model integrating electricity, heat, HCNG, H2, and NG. This model captures the intricate interactions and dependencies amongst energy equipment, multi‐energy flow, and consumption loads. An optimized operational strategy is proposed, leveraging variable H2 content in the gas mixture and adaptable thermal loads, while accounting for the energy inertia of H2 storage and building systems to maintain supply–demand balance. Case studies reveal that incorporating HCNG technology increases renewable resources utilization, reducing operational costs, carbon emissions, and primary energy consumption by 23%, 24%, and 23%, respectively. Moreover, compared to conventional NG‐IES optimization focused solely on equipment output, the proposed HCNG‐IES approach achieves reductions of 28.12% in costs, 24.36% in carbon emissions, and 39.13% in primary energy consumption.https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70005hydrogen‐blended natural gasintegrated energy systemoptimal operationsystem modeling
spellingShingle Jing Chen
Bo Sun
Modeling and Operation Optimization of a Hydrogen‐Compressed Natural Gas‐Integrated Energy System With Variable Hydrogen Content and Flexible Thermal Load
Energy Science & Engineering
hydrogen‐blended natural gas
integrated energy system
optimal operation
system modeling
title Modeling and Operation Optimization of a Hydrogen‐Compressed Natural Gas‐Integrated Energy System With Variable Hydrogen Content and Flexible Thermal Load
title_full Modeling and Operation Optimization of a Hydrogen‐Compressed Natural Gas‐Integrated Energy System With Variable Hydrogen Content and Flexible Thermal Load
title_fullStr Modeling and Operation Optimization of a Hydrogen‐Compressed Natural Gas‐Integrated Energy System With Variable Hydrogen Content and Flexible Thermal Load
title_full_unstemmed Modeling and Operation Optimization of a Hydrogen‐Compressed Natural Gas‐Integrated Energy System With Variable Hydrogen Content and Flexible Thermal Load
title_short Modeling and Operation Optimization of a Hydrogen‐Compressed Natural Gas‐Integrated Energy System With Variable Hydrogen Content and Flexible Thermal Load
title_sort modeling and operation optimization of a hydrogen compressed natural gas integrated energy system with variable hydrogen content and flexible thermal load
topic hydrogen‐blended natural gas
integrated energy system
optimal operation
system modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70005
work_keys_str_mv AT jingchen modelingandoperationoptimizationofahydrogencompressednaturalgasintegratedenergysystemwithvariablehydrogencontentandflexiblethermalload
AT bosun modelingandoperationoptimizationofahydrogencompressednaturalgasintegratedenergysystemwithvariablehydrogencontentandflexiblethermalload