Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and management

Kounis syndrome is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by allergic mediators that induce coronary vasoconstriction and thrombosis, leading to further myocardial damage and anaphylactic shock. Kounis syndrome is also a rare but severe adverse reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine, a phenomenon that under...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chengjie Zhao, Ruoyan Lei, Siyang Liu, Mingyi Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2365496
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849717389802864640
author Chengjie Zhao
Ruoyan Lei
Siyang Liu
Mingyi Zhao
author_facet Chengjie Zhao
Ruoyan Lei
Siyang Liu
Mingyi Zhao
author_sort Chengjie Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Kounis syndrome is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by allergic mediators that induce coronary vasoconstriction and thrombosis, leading to further myocardial damage and anaphylactic shock. Kounis syndrome is also a rare but severe adverse reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine, a phenomenon that underscores the importance of collecting and analyzing similar cases to improve treatment and prognosis. Through comprehensive searches of the Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases, this study aimed to gather detailed patient data on patients who developed Kounis syndrome after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and to further investigate the possible underlying mechanisms using currently available studies. A total of 15 patients (8 females, 7 males) were found. We analyzed comprehensive patient data, including demographics, vaccination details, time of onset of illness after vaccination, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes, duration of illness, and relevant examination results. Analysis of these data combined with known allergy-related mechanisms indicated that, regardless of the vaccine type, the first dose of the vaccine was more likely to cause Kounis syndrome than subsequent doses. Therefore, early diagnosis and clinical symptomatic treatment are particularly crucial for managing the severity of Kounis syndrome and preventing further cardiac complications. Additionally, when an unusual and severe allergic reaction occurs within a few hours after vaccination, it is important to closely monitor the development of cardiac-related symptoms and prepare clinically for the potential onset of Kounis syndrome.
format Article
id doaj-art-f3a53138a59d4a679318dfbfb9cefa1f
institution DOAJ
issn 2164-5515
2164-554X
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
spelling doaj-art-f3a53138a59d4a679318dfbfb9cefa1f2025-08-20T03:12:40ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2024-12-0120110.1080/21645515.2024.2365496Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and managementChengjie Zhao0Ruoyan Lei1Siyang Liu2Mingyi Zhao3Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, ChinaKounis syndrome is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by allergic mediators that induce coronary vasoconstriction and thrombosis, leading to further myocardial damage and anaphylactic shock. Kounis syndrome is also a rare but severe adverse reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine, a phenomenon that underscores the importance of collecting and analyzing similar cases to improve treatment and prognosis. Through comprehensive searches of the Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases, this study aimed to gather detailed patient data on patients who developed Kounis syndrome after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and to further investigate the possible underlying mechanisms using currently available studies. A total of 15 patients (8 females, 7 males) were found. We analyzed comprehensive patient data, including demographics, vaccination details, time of onset of illness after vaccination, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes, duration of illness, and relevant examination results. Analysis of these data combined with known allergy-related mechanisms indicated that, regardless of the vaccine type, the first dose of the vaccine was more likely to cause Kounis syndrome than subsequent doses. Therefore, early diagnosis and clinical symptomatic treatment are particularly crucial for managing the severity of Kounis syndrome and preventing further cardiac complications. Additionally, when an unusual and severe allergic reaction occurs within a few hours after vaccination, it is important to closely monitor the development of cardiac-related symptoms and prepare clinically for the potential onset of Kounis syndrome.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2365496COVID-19vaccinesKounis syndromeallergic reactionclinical manifestation
spellingShingle Chengjie Zhao
Ruoyan Lei
Siyang Liu
Mingyi Zhao
Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and management
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
COVID-19
vaccines
Kounis syndrome
allergic reaction
clinical manifestation
title Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and management
title_full Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and management
title_fullStr Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and management
title_full_unstemmed Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and management
title_short Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and management
title_sort kounis syndrome following covid 19 vaccination clinical manifestations mechanisms and management
topic COVID-19
vaccines
Kounis syndrome
allergic reaction
clinical manifestation
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2365496
work_keys_str_mv AT chengjiezhao kounissyndromefollowingcovid19vaccinationclinicalmanifestationsmechanismsandmanagement
AT ruoyanlei kounissyndromefollowingcovid19vaccinationclinicalmanifestationsmechanismsandmanagement
AT siyangliu kounissyndromefollowingcovid19vaccinationclinicalmanifestationsmechanismsandmanagement
AT mingyizhao kounissyndromefollowingcovid19vaccinationclinicalmanifestationsmechanismsandmanagement