Extraction, Dynamics, and Driving Factors of Shallow Water Area in Hongze Lake Based on Landsat Imagery
The dynamics of shallow water areas of inland lakes is closely related to the regional ecology and economy. However, it is still a challenge to extract the natural shallow water area for inland lakes using satellite images due to their rapid changes and various human demands. Therefore, we developed...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Nianao Liu Jinhui Huang Dandan Xu Ni Na Zhaoqing Luan |
| author_facet | Nianao Liu Jinhui Huang Dandan Xu Ni Na Zhaoqing Luan |
| author_sort | Nianao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The dynamics of shallow water areas of inland lakes is closely related to the regional ecology and economy. However, it is still a challenge to extract the natural shallow water area for inland lakes using satellite images due to their rapid changes and various human demands. Therefore, we developed a new remote sensing-based method applied in Hongze Lake (one of the largest freshwater lakes in China) to first delineate the lake from the SWIR1 band of Landsat OLI imagery using cold spots in the LISA method, and then distinguish deep and shallow water areas from the G band of Landsat OLI images using hot spots with LISA after masking the lake out, and finally extracting the natural shallow water area by masking aquatic farms out from shallow water areas using farm ridge classification from NDWI images and aggregating points of farm ridges. The results show that (1) the method of this study is efficient in extracting the natural shallow water area with limited effects from aquatic vegetation; (2) water inflow (upstream water supply and precipitation) and the area of aquatic farms, the two dominant factors for the temporal changes in natural shallow water area, contributed 38.3% (positively) and 42.2% (negatively) to the decrease in the natural shallow water area during 2013–2022 in Hongze Lake; (3) the natural shallow water area of Hongze Lake decreased significantly every April as paddy rice farms withdrew a large amount of irrigation water from Hongze Lake. Our research provides a new approach to extract the natural shallow water areas of inland lakes from satellite images and demonstrates that the upstream water supply, precipitation, and agriculture demands are the three main reasons for seasonal and temporal variations in natural shallow water areas for inland lakes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f35fc92cd2bd47d99d4fbb2cbba28ee6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-f35fc92cd2bd47d99d4fbb2cbba28ee62025-08-20T03:08:56ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-03-01177112810.3390/rs17071128Extraction, Dynamics, and Driving Factors of Shallow Water Area in Hongze Lake Based on Landsat ImageryNianao Liu0Jinhui Huang1Dandan Xu2Ni Na3Zhaoqing Luan4College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaThe dynamics of shallow water areas of inland lakes is closely related to the regional ecology and economy. However, it is still a challenge to extract the natural shallow water area for inland lakes using satellite images due to their rapid changes and various human demands. Therefore, we developed a new remote sensing-based method applied in Hongze Lake (one of the largest freshwater lakes in China) to first delineate the lake from the SWIR1 band of Landsat OLI imagery using cold spots in the LISA method, and then distinguish deep and shallow water areas from the G band of Landsat OLI images using hot spots with LISA after masking the lake out, and finally extracting the natural shallow water area by masking aquatic farms out from shallow water areas using farm ridge classification from NDWI images and aggregating points of farm ridges. The results show that (1) the method of this study is efficient in extracting the natural shallow water area with limited effects from aquatic vegetation; (2) water inflow (upstream water supply and precipitation) and the area of aquatic farms, the two dominant factors for the temporal changes in natural shallow water area, contributed 38.3% (positively) and 42.2% (negatively) to the decrease in the natural shallow water area during 2013–2022 in Hongze Lake; (3) the natural shallow water area of Hongze Lake decreased significantly every April as paddy rice farms withdrew a large amount of irrigation water from Hongze Lake. Our research provides a new approach to extract the natural shallow water areas of inland lakes from satellite images and demonstrates that the upstream water supply, precipitation, and agriculture demands are the three main reasons for seasonal and temporal variations in natural shallow water areas for inland lakes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/7/1128natural shallow water areaaquatic farmsseasonal variationinterannual variationLandsat imagesLISA |
| spellingShingle | Nianao Liu Jinhui Huang Dandan Xu Ni Na Zhaoqing Luan Extraction, Dynamics, and Driving Factors of Shallow Water Area in Hongze Lake Based on Landsat Imagery Remote Sensing natural shallow water area aquatic farms seasonal variation interannual variation Landsat images LISA |
| title | Extraction, Dynamics, and Driving Factors of Shallow Water Area in Hongze Lake Based on Landsat Imagery |
| title_full | Extraction, Dynamics, and Driving Factors of Shallow Water Area in Hongze Lake Based on Landsat Imagery |
| title_fullStr | Extraction, Dynamics, and Driving Factors of Shallow Water Area in Hongze Lake Based on Landsat Imagery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction, Dynamics, and Driving Factors of Shallow Water Area in Hongze Lake Based on Landsat Imagery |
| title_short | Extraction, Dynamics, and Driving Factors of Shallow Water Area in Hongze Lake Based on Landsat Imagery |
| title_sort | extraction dynamics and driving factors of shallow water area in hongze lake based on landsat imagery |
| topic | natural shallow water area aquatic farms seasonal variation interannual variation Landsat images LISA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/7/1128 |
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