Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index
Abstract The 2000 European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that “Member States shall ensure the necessary protection for the bodies of water identified with the aim of avoiding deterioration in their quality in order to reduce the level of purification treatment required in the producti...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Water Resources Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027925 |
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| author | André van denDoel Geert H. vanKollenburg Thomas D. N. vanRemmen Joanne A. deJonge Geert J. Postma Gerjen H. Tinnevelt Gerard J. Stroomberg Lutgarde M. C. Buydens Jeroen J. Jansen |
| author_facet | André van denDoel Geert H. vanKollenburg Thomas D. N. vanRemmen Joanne A. deJonge Geert J. Postma Gerjen H. Tinnevelt Gerard J. Stroomberg Lutgarde M. C. Buydens Jeroen J. Jansen |
| author_sort | André van denDoel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The 2000 European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that “Member States shall ensure the necessary protection for the bodies of water identified with the aim of avoiding deterioration in their quality in order to reduce the level of purification treatment required in the production of drinking water.” However, it does not specify how to evaluate or quantify this level of purification treatment. We propose a novel water quality index (WQI) to quantify the level of purification treatment required to prepare drinking water from source water. It is based on the WQI of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME WQI). Our WQI compares measured contaminant concentrations in source water to drinking water guidelines and any exceedance is weighted by a measure of the resilience of that contaminant to the treatment processes, which is not possible in the CCME WQI. Furthermore, it accommodates for varying sampling frequencies that are characteristic of the ongoing monitoring program. These adaptations make our index robust and sensitive to relevant changes in source water quality. We calculated index scores for source water from the Rhine and the Meuse and found no general decrease in required purification treatment levels since the introduction of the WFD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f3512a63553c4e778d9d1be2bfe791dc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0043-1397 1944-7973 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Resources Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f3512a63553c4e778d9d1be2bfe791dc2025-08-20T02:22:05ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732023-01-01591n/an/a10.1029/2020WR027925Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality IndexAndré van denDoel0Geert H. vanKollenburg1Thomas D. N. vanRemmen2Joanne A. deJonge3Geert J. Postma4Gerjen H. Tinnevelt5Gerard J. Stroomberg6Lutgarde M. C. Buydens7Jeroen J. Jansen8Department of Analytical Chemistry Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen The NetherlandsDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen The NetherlandsDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen The NetherlandsRIWA‐Rijn Nieuwegein The NetherlandsDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen The NetherlandsDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen The NetherlandsRIWA‐Rijn Nieuwegein The NetherlandsDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen The NetherlandsDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen The NetherlandsAbstract The 2000 European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that “Member States shall ensure the necessary protection for the bodies of water identified with the aim of avoiding deterioration in their quality in order to reduce the level of purification treatment required in the production of drinking water.” However, it does not specify how to evaluate or quantify this level of purification treatment. We propose a novel water quality index (WQI) to quantify the level of purification treatment required to prepare drinking water from source water. It is based on the WQI of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME WQI). Our WQI compares measured contaminant concentrations in source water to drinking water guidelines and any exceedance is weighted by a measure of the resilience of that contaminant to the treatment processes, which is not possible in the CCME WQI. Furthermore, it accommodates for varying sampling frequencies that are characteristic of the ongoing monitoring program. These adaptations make our index robust and sensitive to relevant changes in source water quality. We calculated index scores for source water from the Rhine and the Meuse and found no general decrease in required purification treatment levels since the introduction of the WFD.https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027925water quality indexwater quality guidelinesdrinking source water qualityEuropean water framework directive |
| spellingShingle | André van denDoel Geert H. vanKollenburg Thomas D. N. vanRemmen Joanne A. deJonge Geert J. Postma Gerjen H. Tinnevelt Gerard J. Stroomberg Lutgarde M. C. Buydens Jeroen J. Jansen Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index Water Resources Research water quality index water quality guidelines drinking source water quality European water framework directive |
| title | Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index |
| title_full | Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index |
| title_fullStr | Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index |
| title_short | Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index |
| title_sort | calculating required purification effort to turn source water into drinking water using an adapted ccme water quality index |
| topic | water quality index water quality guidelines drinking source water quality European water framework directive |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027925 |
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