Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index

Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water Into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index

Abstract The 2000 European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that “Member States shall ensure the necessary protection for the bodies of water identified with the aim of avoiding deterioration in their quality in order to reduce the level of purification treatment required in the producti...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: André van denDoel, Geert H. vanKollenburg, Thomas D. N. vanRemmen, Joanne A. deJonge, Geert J. Postma, Gerjen H. Tinnevelt, Gerard J. Stroomberg, Lutgarde M. C. Buydens, Jeroen J. Jansen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-01-01
Series:Water Resources Research
Subjects:
water quality index
water quality guidelines
drinking source water quality
European water framework directive
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027925
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Abstract The 2000 European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that “Member States shall ensure the necessary protection for the bodies of water identified with the aim of avoiding deterioration in their quality in order to reduce the level of purification treatment required in the production of drinking water.” However, it does not specify how to evaluate or quantify this level of purification treatment. We propose a novel water quality index (WQI) to quantify the level of purification treatment required to prepare drinking water from source water. It is based on the WQI of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME WQI). Our WQI compares measured contaminant concentrations in source water to drinking water guidelines and any exceedance is weighted by a measure of the resilience of that contaminant to the treatment processes, which is not possible in the CCME WQI. Furthermore, it accommodates for varying sampling frequencies that are characteristic of the ongoing monitoring program. These adaptations make our index robust and sensitive to relevant changes in source water quality. We calculated index scores for source water from the Rhine and the Meuse and found no general decrease in required purification treatment levels since the introduction of the WFD.
ISSN:0043-1397
1944-7973

Similar Items