Static Foot Hyperpronation Monitoring in Asymptomatic Young Individuals During Level and Sloped Gait Using an Instrumented Treadmill

Foot hyperpronation is a common anatomical misalignment that may contribute to the development of both localized and distant musculoskeletal overuse injuries. Advancements in modern technology may enable the detection of biomechanical changes in dynamic conditions that cannot be captured through con...

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Main Authors: Natalia Kamitsou, Ioannis Kafetzakis, Dimitris Mandalidis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3209
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author Natalia Kamitsou
Ioannis Kafetzakis
Dimitris Mandalidis
author_facet Natalia Kamitsou
Ioannis Kafetzakis
Dimitris Mandalidis
author_sort Natalia Kamitsou
collection DOAJ
description Foot hyperpronation is a common anatomical misalignment that may contribute to the development of both localized and distant musculoskeletal overuse injuries. Advancements in modern technology may enable the detection of biomechanical changes in dynamic conditions that cannot be captured through conventional foot alignment assessments. This study aimed to investigate potential differences in spatiotemporal, dynamic, and center of pressure (COP)-related gait parameters, between individuals with foot hyperpronation (n = 21) and those with a neutral foot type (n = 21) under various walking conditions, using an instrumented treadmill. These conditions included walking downhill at −20% slope at 3.5 km·h<sup>−1</sup>, and at −10% slope at 5.0 km·h<sup>−1</sup>, level (0%) at 5.0 km·h<sup>−1</sup>, and uphill at +10% slope at 3.5 km·h<sup>−1</sup> and +20% slope at 2.5 km·h<sup>−1</sup>, each lasting five minutes. The results showed no significant differences in stride length and time, foot rotation, step width, cadence, or gait phase durations between the two groups. However, individuals with hyperpronated feet exhibited a more forward and mediolaterally displaced COP, higher vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) at the midfoot, and lower vGRFs at the lateral forefoot. Instrumented treadmills enable clinicians and sports scientists to detect specific traits in individuals with foot hyperpronation, which would otherwise go undetected through static assessments.
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spelling doaj-art-f326eb7d917a4beaa1e85bfbb75854892025-08-20T02:11:04ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156320910.3390/app15063209Static Foot Hyperpronation Monitoring in Asymptomatic Young Individuals During Level and Sloped Gait Using an Instrumented TreadmillNatalia Kamitsou0Ioannis Kafetzakis1Dimitris Mandalidis2Sports Physical Therapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, 17237 Athens, GreeceSports Physical Therapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, 17237 Athens, GreeceSports Physical Therapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, 17237 Athens, GreeceFoot hyperpronation is a common anatomical misalignment that may contribute to the development of both localized and distant musculoskeletal overuse injuries. Advancements in modern technology may enable the detection of biomechanical changes in dynamic conditions that cannot be captured through conventional foot alignment assessments. This study aimed to investigate potential differences in spatiotemporal, dynamic, and center of pressure (COP)-related gait parameters, between individuals with foot hyperpronation (n = 21) and those with a neutral foot type (n = 21) under various walking conditions, using an instrumented treadmill. These conditions included walking downhill at −20% slope at 3.5 km·h<sup>−1</sup>, and at −10% slope at 5.0 km·h<sup>−1</sup>, level (0%) at 5.0 km·h<sup>−1</sup>, and uphill at +10% slope at 3.5 km·h<sup>−1</sup> and +20% slope at 2.5 km·h<sup>−1</sup>, each lasting five minutes. The results showed no significant differences in stride length and time, foot rotation, step width, cadence, or gait phase durations between the two groups. However, individuals with hyperpronated feet exhibited a more forward and mediolaterally displaced COP, higher vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) at the midfoot, and lower vGRFs at the lateral forefoot. Instrumented treadmills enable clinicians and sports scientists to detect specific traits in individuals with foot hyperpronation, which would otherwise go undetected through static assessments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3209satiotemporal parametersCOP positiongait analysisvertical ground reaction forcescapacitive sensors
spellingShingle Natalia Kamitsou
Ioannis Kafetzakis
Dimitris Mandalidis
Static Foot Hyperpronation Monitoring in Asymptomatic Young Individuals During Level and Sloped Gait Using an Instrumented Treadmill
Applied Sciences
satiotemporal parameters
COP position
gait analysis
vertical ground reaction forces
capacitive sensors
title Static Foot Hyperpronation Monitoring in Asymptomatic Young Individuals During Level and Sloped Gait Using an Instrumented Treadmill
title_full Static Foot Hyperpronation Monitoring in Asymptomatic Young Individuals During Level and Sloped Gait Using an Instrumented Treadmill
title_fullStr Static Foot Hyperpronation Monitoring in Asymptomatic Young Individuals During Level and Sloped Gait Using an Instrumented Treadmill
title_full_unstemmed Static Foot Hyperpronation Monitoring in Asymptomatic Young Individuals During Level and Sloped Gait Using an Instrumented Treadmill
title_short Static Foot Hyperpronation Monitoring in Asymptomatic Young Individuals During Level and Sloped Gait Using an Instrumented Treadmill
title_sort static foot hyperpronation monitoring in asymptomatic young individuals during level and sloped gait using an instrumented treadmill
topic satiotemporal parameters
COP position
gait analysis
vertical ground reaction forces
capacitive sensors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3209
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