Differential Measurement of Involuntary Breathing Movements

Free divers are known to experience a physiological response during extreme breath holding, causing involuntary breathing movements (IBMs). To investigate these movements, a low-cost multi-core ESP32-Pico microcontroller prototype was developed to measure IBMs during a static breath hold. This novel...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jacob Seman, Carlos Rodriguez Amaro, Lillian Tucker, Jordan M. Fleury, Keegan Erickson, Gannon White, Talles Batista Rattis Santos, Michelle M. Mellenthin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biosensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/2/87
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Free divers are known to experience a physiological response during extreme breath holding, causing involuntary breathing movements (IBMs). To investigate these movements, a low-cost multi-core ESP32-Pico microcontroller prototype was developed to measure IBMs during a static breath hold. This novel device, called the bioSense, uses a differential measurement between two accelerometers placed on the sternum and the xiphoid process to acquire breathing-related movements. Sensor placement allowed for data acquisition that was posture- and body-shape-agnostic. Sensor placement was also designed to be as non-intrusive as possible and precisely capture breathing movements at configurable sampling rates. Measurements from the device were sent over WiFi to be accessed on a password-protected webserver and backed up to a micro-secure digital (microSD) card. This device was used in a pilot study, where it captured the various phases of breathing experienced by recreational free divers alongside a force plate measurement system for comparison.
ISSN:2079-6374