Factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the Western North Region, Ghana, 2022

Background: In response to polio outbreaks, Ghana enhanced its Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance system, revising the target for the Non-polio AFP (NP-AFP) rate for children under 15 years from at least 2 to 3 cases per 100,000 population. However, some districts in the Western North Region...

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Main Authors: Obed Bangdome Ofori, Joseph Asamoah Frimpong, Isaac Baffoe-Nyarko, Azumah Abdul-Tawab, Horlali Yao Gudjinu, Eunice Baiden Laryea, Marion Okoh-Owusu, Ernest Kenu, Dennis Odai Laryea, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: African Field Epidemiology Network 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health
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Online Access:https://afenet-journal.org/factors-influencing-the-achievement-of-core-acute-flaccid-paralysis-indicators-in-the-western-north-region-ghana-2022/
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author Obed Bangdome Ofori
Joseph Asamoah Frimpong
Isaac Baffoe-Nyarko
Azumah Abdul-Tawab
Horlali Yao Gudjinu
Eunice Baiden Laryea
Marion Okoh-Owusu
Ernest Kenu
Dennis Odai Laryea
Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe
author_facet Obed Bangdome Ofori
Joseph Asamoah Frimpong
Isaac Baffoe-Nyarko
Azumah Abdul-Tawab
Horlali Yao Gudjinu
Eunice Baiden Laryea
Marion Okoh-Owusu
Ernest Kenu
Dennis Odai Laryea
Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe
author_sort Obed Bangdome Ofori
collection DOAJ
description Background: In response to polio outbreaks, Ghana enhanced its Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance system, revising the target for the Non-polio AFP (NP-AFP) rate for children under 15 years from at least 2 to 3 cases per 100,000 population. However, some districts in the Western North Region (WNR) continue to fall short of achieving both the NP-AFP rate and stool adequacy targets. This study examined factors influencing the achievement of core AFP indicators in the WNR. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 4th to 31st October 2022 using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, achievement of NP-AFP rate and stool adequacy targets from January 2019 to June 2022, AFP surveillance knowledge and practices, and availability of resources. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using Stata to identify factors associated with achievement of the core indicators. Results: A total of 62 health workers with median age of 34 years (IQR: 29 – 39.75) completed the survey. Only 43.6% (27/62) had worked in facilities that met both core AFP indicators during their period of service. Adequate knowledge of AFP surveillance was demonstrated by just 21.0% (13/62), and 37.1% (23/62) had both good surveillance practices and adequate resources. Notably, access to adequate resources was significantly associated with higher odds of achieving both indicators (aOR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.1–19.8, p = 0.045), while working in a health centre was associated with significantly lower odds (aOR = 0.05 95% CI: 0.0–0.44, p = 0.007) Conclusions: Achievement of core AFP surveillance indicators in the WNR remains suboptimal. Inadequate knowledge, poor surveillance practices, insufficient resources and lower level health facilities were major contributors. To strengthen early detection and improve performance, the WNR Health Directorate should prioritize health centers, training and ensure consistent provision of logistics such as vehicles, fuel, stool containers, and specimen carriers.
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spelling doaj-art-f2d4ddcfa24d47419e1d613f63edd1a42025-08-20T03:31:11ZengAfrican Field Epidemiology NetworkJournal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health2664-28242025-07-0183https://doi.org/10.37432/jieph.2025.8.3.170Factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the Western North Region, Ghana, 2022Obed Bangdome Ofori0Joseph Asamoah Frimpong1Isaac Baffoe-Nyarko2Azumah Abdul-Tawab3Horlali Yao Gudjinu4Eunice Baiden Laryea5Marion Okoh-Owusu6Ernest Kenu7Dennis Odai Laryea8Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe9Disease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, GhanaGhana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaDisease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, GhanaDisease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, GhanaDisease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, GhanaGhana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaWestern North Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Bodi, GhanaGhana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaDisease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, GhanaPublic Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, GhanaBackground: In response to polio outbreaks, Ghana enhanced its Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance system, revising the target for the Non-polio AFP (NP-AFP) rate for children under 15 years from at least 2 to 3 cases per 100,000 population. However, some districts in the Western North Region (WNR) continue to fall short of achieving both the NP-AFP rate and stool adequacy targets. This study examined factors influencing the achievement of core AFP indicators in the WNR. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 4th to 31st October 2022 using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, achievement of NP-AFP rate and stool adequacy targets from January 2019 to June 2022, AFP surveillance knowledge and practices, and availability of resources. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using Stata to identify factors associated with achievement of the core indicators. Results: A total of 62 health workers with median age of 34 years (IQR: 29 – 39.75) completed the survey. Only 43.6% (27/62) had worked in facilities that met both core AFP indicators during their period of service. Adequate knowledge of AFP surveillance was demonstrated by just 21.0% (13/62), and 37.1% (23/62) had both good surveillance practices and adequate resources. Notably, access to adequate resources was significantly associated with higher odds of achieving both indicators (aOR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.1–19.8, p = 0.045), while working in a health centre was associated with significantly lower odds (aOR = 0.05 95% CI: 0.0–0.44, p = 0.007) Conclusions: Achievement of core AFP surveillance indicators in the WNR remains suboptimal. Inadequate knowledge, poor surveillance practices, insufficient resources and lower level health facilities were major contributors. To strengthen early detection and improve performance, the WNR Health Directorate should prioritize health centers, training and ensure consistent provision of logistics such as vehicles, fuel, stool containers, and specimen carriers.https://afenet-journal.org/factors-influencing-the-achievement-of-core-acute-flaccid-paralysis-indicators-in-the-western-north-region-ghana-2022/acute flaccid paralysispoliomyelitisghana
spellingShingle Obed Bangdome Ofori
Joseph Asamoah Frimpong
Isaac Baffoe-Nyarko
Azumah Abdul-Tawab
Horlali Yao Gudjinu
Eunice Baiden Laryea
Marion Okoh-Owusu
Ernest Kenu
Dennis Odai Laryea
Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe
Factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the Western North Region, Ghana, 2022
Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health
acute flaccid paralysis
poliomyelitis
ghana
title Factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the Western North Region, Ghana, 2022
title_full Factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the Western North Region, Ghana, 2022
title_fullStr Factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the Western North Region, Ghana, 2022
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the Western North Region, Ghana, 2022
title_short Factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the Western North Region, Ghana, 2022
title_sort factors influencing the achievement of core acute flaccid paralysis indicators in the western north region ghana 2022
topic acute flaccid paralysis
poliomyelitis
ghana
url https://afenet-journal.org/factors-influencing-the-achievement-of-core-acute-flaccid-paralysis-indicators-in-the-western-north-region-ghana-2022/
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