The relationship between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and peripheral artery disease

Abstract The C-reactive protein albumin lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a newly proposed indicator of immune, inflammatory, and nutritional status. However, there is no research on the relationship between CALLY index and peripheral artery disease (PAD). We utilized relevant data from NHANES 1999–2004 o...

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Main Authors: Zhe Wu, Lifang Fu, Xiaolei Liu, Changle Gong, Qi Wu, Wei Li, Bin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09898-9
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author Zhe Wu
Lifang Fu
Xiaolei Liu
Changle Gong
Qi Wu
Wei Li
Bin Wang
author_facet Zhe Wu
Lifang Fu
Xiaolei Liu
Changle Gong
Qi Wu
Wei Li
Bin Wang
author_sort Zhe Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The C-reactive protein albumin lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a newly proposed indicator of immune, inflammatory, and nutritional status. However, there is no research on the relationship between CALLY index and peripheral artery disease (PAD). We utilized relevant data from NHANES 1999–2004 on lower limb diseases research. PAD was diagnosed as an ankle-brachial index < 0.9. CALLY index was calculated using the formula: albumin (g/L) × lymphocytes (109/L) ÷ [CRP (mg/L) × 10]. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to explore the relationship between CALLY index and the risk of PAD. Subgroup analysis was performed based on grouping variables. A total of 5283 participants aged 40 and above were included, with 419 PAD patients and 4864 non-PAD patients. Baseline data showed that PAD patients had significantly higher CALLY values. Multivariable logistic regression results indicated a significant negative correlation between CALLY index and the risk of PAD after adjusting for covariates (OR, 0.813, 95%CI, 0.717–0.923). RCS confirmed a significant linear negative correlation between CALLY index and the risk of PAD (P for nonlinearity = 0.989, P for overall = 0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that the negative correlation between CALLY index and the risk of PAD remained significant in subgroups of male, white, other races, normal weight, former smoking, now drinking, as well as those with hypertension, without CKD, with or without diabetes, and with or without CVD. In other subgroups, there was also a negative correlation trend between ln CALLY and the risk of PAD. CALLY index is significantly negatively correlated with the risk of PAD. Future research should further validate the clinical application value of the CALLY index.
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spelling doaj-art-f2a05f082c9646ca82cb0ef62ce0bc6b2025-08-20T04:02:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-09898-9The relationship between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and peripheral artery diseaseZhe Wu0Lifang Fu1Xiaolei Liu2Changle Gong3Qi Wu4Wei Li5Bin Wang6The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Infection Management, Linyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Dongying People’s Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group)Department of Dermatology, Jinan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Infection Management, Linyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Dongying People’s Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group)Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineAbstract The C-reactive protein albumin lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a newly proposed indicator of immune, inflammatory, and nutritional status. However, there is no research on the relationship between CALLY index and peripheral artery disease (PAD). We utilized relevant data from NHANES 1999–2004 on lower limb diseases research. PAD was diagnosed as an ankle-brachial index < 0.9. CALLY index was calculated using the formula: albumin (g/L) × lymphocytes (109/L) ÷ [CRP (mg/L) × 10]. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to explore the relationship between CALLY index and the risk of PAD. Subgroup analysis was performed based on grouping variables. A total of 5283 participants aged 40 and above were included, with 419 PAD patients and 4864 non-PAD patients. Baseline data showed that PAD patients had significantly higher CALLY values. Multivariable logistic regression results indicated a significant negative correlation between CALLY index and the risk of PAD after adjusting for covariates (OR, 0.813, 95%CI, 0.717–0.923). RCS confirmed a significant linear negative correlation between CALLY index and the risk of PAD (P for nonlinearity = 0.989, P for overall = 0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that the negative correlation between CALLY index and the risk of PAD remained significant in subgroups of male, white, other races, normal weight, former smoking, now drinking, as well as those with hypertension, without CKD, with or without diabetes, and with or without CVD. In other subgroups, there was also a negative correlation trend between ln CALLY and the risk of PAD. CALLY index is significantly negatively correlated with the risk of PAD. Future research should further validate the clinical application value of the CALLY index.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09898-9Peripheral artery diseaseC-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte indexNHANESNegative correlationCross-sectional study
spellingShingle Zhe Wu
Lifang Fu
Xiaolei Liu
Changle Gong
Qi Wu
Wei Li
Bin Wang
The relationship between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and peripheral artery disease
Scientific Reports
Peripheral artery disease
C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index
NHANES
Negative correlation
Cross-sectional study
title The relationship between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and peripheral artery disease
title_full The relationship between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and peripheral artery disease
title_fullStr The relationship between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and peripheral artery disease
title_full_unstemmed The relationship between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and peripheral artery disease
title_short The relationship between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and peripheral artery disease
title_sort relationship between c reactive protein albumin lymphocyte index and peripheral artery disease
topic Peripheral artery disease
C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index
NHANES
Negative correlation
Cross-sectional study
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09898-9
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