Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging
Background Retinal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), strongly depends on the clearness of the optical media. Lens status is crucial since the ageing lens has both light-blocking and autofluorescence (AF) properties that distort image analysis. Here, we report both lens opacification...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-08-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001628.full |
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| author | Frank G Holz Maximilian Pfau Monika Fleckenstein Raffael Liegl Geena C Rennen Marc Vaisband Jan Hasenauer |
| author_facet | Frank G Holz Maximilian Pfau Monika Fleckenstein Raffael Liegl Geena C Rennen Marc Vaisband Jan Hasenauer |
| author_sort | Frank G Holz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Retinal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), strongly depends on the clearness of the optical media. Lens status is crucial since the ageing lens has both light-blocking and autofluorescence (AF) properties that distort image analysis. Here, we report both lens opacification and AF metrics and the effect on automated image quality assessment.Methods 227 subjects (range: 19–89 years old) received quantitative AF of the lens (LQAF), Scheimpflug, anterior chamber optical coherence tomography as well as blue/green FAF (BAF/GAF), and infrared (IR) imaging. LQAF values, the Pentacam Nucleus Staging score and the relative lens reflectivity were extracted to estimate lens opacification. Mean opinion scores of FAF and IR image quality were compiled by medical readers. A regression model for predicting image quality was developed using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Correlation analysis was conducted to assess the association of lens scores, with retinal image quality derived from human or CNN annotations.Results Retinal image quality was generally high across all imaging modalities (IR (8.25±1.99) >GAF >BAF (6.6±3.13)). CNN image quality prediction was excellent (average mean absolute error (MAE) 0.9). Predictions were comparable to human grading. Overall, LQAF showed the highest correlation with image quality grading criteria for all imaging modalities (eg, Pearson correlation±CI −0.35 (−0.50 to 0.18) for BAF/LQAF). BAF image quality was most vulnerable to an increase in lenticular metrics, while IR (−0.19 (−0.38 to 0.01)) demonstrated the highest resilience.Conclusion The use of CNN-based retinal image quality assessment achieved excellent results. The study highlights the vulnerability of BAF to lenticular remodelling. These results can aid in the development of cut-off values for clinical studies, ensuring reliable data collection for the monitoring of retinal diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f27b9a054a4142b3b45ec142f6c73794 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2397-3269 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-f27b9a054a4142b3b45ec142f6c737942025-02-06T09:20:13ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Ophthalmology2397-32692024-08-019110.1136/bmjophth-2023-001628Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imagingFrank G Holz0Maximilian Pfau1Monika Fleckenstein2Raffael Liegl3Geena C Rennen4Marc Vaisband5Jan Hasenauer6University Eye Hospital Bonn, Bonn, GermanyInstitute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Basel-Stadt, SwitzerlandDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, NRW, GermanyDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, NRW, GermanyDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, NRW, GermanyLife & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, GermanyLife & Medical Sciences Institute, Bonn, GermanyBackground Retinal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), strongly depends on the clearness of the optical media. Lens status is crucial since the ageing lens has both light-blocking and autofluorescence (AF) properties that distort image analysis. Here, we report both lens opacification and AF metrics and the effect on automated image quality assessment.Methods 227 subjects (range: 19–89 years old) received quantitative AF of the lens (LQAF), Scheimpflug, anterior chamber optical coherence tomography as well as blue/green FAF (BAF/GAF), and infrared (IR) imaging. LQAF values, the Pentacam Nucleus Staging score and the relative lens reflectivity were extracted to estimate lens opacification. Mean opinion scores of FAF and IR image quality were compiled by medical readers. A regression model for predicting image quality was developed using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Correlation analysis was conducted to assess the association of lens scores, with retinal image quality derived from human or CNN annotations.Results Retinal image quality was generally high across all imaging modalities (IR (8.25±1.99) >GAF >BAF (6.6±3.13)). CNN image quality prediction was excellent (average mean absolute error (MAE) 0.9). Predictions were comparable to human grading. Overall, LQAF showed the highest correlation with image quality grading criteria for all imaging modalities (eg, Pearson correlation±CI −0.35 (−0.50 to 0.18) for BAF/LQAF). BAF image quality was most vulnerable to an increase in lenticular metrics, while IR (−0.19 (−0.38 to 0.01)) demonstrated the highest resilience.Conclusion The use of CNN-based retinal image quality assessment achieved excellent results. The study highlights the vulnerability of BAF to lenticular remodelling. These results can aid in the development of cut-off values for clinical studies, ensuring reliable data collection for the monitoring of retinal diseases.https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001628.full |
| spellingShingle | Frank G Holz Maximilian Pfau Monika Fleckenstein Raffael Liegl Geena C Rennen Marc Vaisband Jan Hasenauer Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| title | Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging |
| title_full | Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging |
| title_fullStr | Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging |
| title_short | Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging |
| title_sort | impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging |
| url | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001628.full |
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