Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
Additive manufacturing (AM) has brought new possibilities to the moulding industry, particularly regarding the use of high-performance materials as maraging steels. This work explores 18Ni300 maraging steel reinforced with 4.5 vol.% TiC nanoparticles, fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), add...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Francisco F. Leite Indrani Coondoo João S. Vieira José M. Oliveira Georgina Miranda |
| author_facet | Francisco F. Leite Indrani Coondoo João S. Vieira José M. Oliveira Georgina Miranda |
| author_sort | Francisco F. Leite |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive manufacturing (AM) has brought new possibilities to the moulding industry, particularly regarding the use of high-performance materials as maraging steels. This work explores 18Ni300 maraging steel reinforced with 4.5 vol.% TiC nanoparticles, fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), addressing the effect of post-fabrication aging treatment on both thermal and mechanical properties. Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to generate twenty-five experimental groups, in which laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance were varied across five levels, with the aim of generating conclusions on optimal fabrication conditions. A comprehensive analysis was performed, starting with the nanocomposite feedstock and then involving the microstructural, mechanical, and thermal characterisation of SLM-fabricated nanocomposites. Nanocomposite relative density varied between 92.84% and 99.73%, and the presence of martensite, austenite, and TiC was confirmed in the as-built and heat-treated conditions. Results demonstrated a hardness of 411 HV for the as-built 18Ni300-TiC nanocomposite, higher than that of the non-reinforced steel, and this was further increased by performing aging treatment, achieving a hardness of 673 HV. Thermal conductivity results showed an improvement from ~12 W/m·K to ~19 W/m·K for nano-TiC-reinforced 18Ni300 when comparing values before and after heat treatment, respectively. Results showed that the addition of TiC nanoparticles to 18Ni300 maraging steel led to a combined thermal and mechanical performance suited for applications in which heat extraction is required, as in injection moulding. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f25d7121fdfe427e87bf5946dd09aaf6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2504-4494 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
| spelling | doaj-art-f25d7121fdfe427e87bf5946dd09aaf62025-08-20T02:53:26ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942024-11-018626810.3390/jmmp8060268Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser MeltingFrancisco F. Leite0Indrani Coondoo1João S. Vieira2José M. Oliveira3Georgina Miranda4CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalEMaRT, Emerging Materials and Research Technologies, University of Aveiro, 3720-511 Oliveira de Azeméis, PortugalCICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalAdditive manufacturing (AM) has brought new possibilities to the moulding industry, particularly regarding the use of high-performance materials as maraging steels. This work explores 18Ni300 maraging steel reinforced with 4.5 vol.% TiC nanoparticles, fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), addressing the effect of post-fabrication aging treatment on both thermal and mechanical properties. Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to generate twenty-five experimental groups, in which laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance were varied across five levels, with the aim of generating conclusions on optimal fabrication conditions. A comprehensive analysis was performed, starting with the nanocomposite feedstock and then involving the microstructural, mechanical, and thermal characterisation of SLM-fabricated nanocomposites. Nanocomposite relative density varied between 92.84% and 99.73%, and the presence of martensite, austenite, and TiC was confirmed in the as-built and heat-treated conditions. Results demonstrated a hardness of 411 HV for the as-built 18Ni300-TiC nanocomposite, higher than that of the non-reinforced steel, and this was further increased by performing aging treatment, achieving a hardness of 673 HV. Thermal conductivity results showed an improvement from ~12 W/m·K to ~19 W/m·K for nano-TiC-reinforced 18Ni300 when comparing values before and after heat treatment, respectively. Results showed that the addition of TiC nanoparticles to 18Ni300 maraging steel led to a combined thermal and mechanical performance suited for applications in which heat extraction is required, as in injection moulding.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/8/6/268maraging steel18Ni300selective laser meltingTiCnanocomposite |
| spellingShingle | Francisco F. Leite Indrani Coondoo João S. Vieira José M. Oliveira Georgina Miranda Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing maraging steel 18Ni300 selective laser melting TiC nanocomposite |
| title | Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting |
| title_full | Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting |
| title_fullStr | Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting |
| title_short | Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting |
| title_sort | thermal and mechanical properties of nano tic reinforced 18ni300 maraging steel fabricated by selective laser melting |
| topic | maraging steel 18Ni300 selective laser melting TiC nanocomposite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/8/6/268 |
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