The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescents

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns were an unprecedented source of stress, with striking adverse effects on adolescents’ mental health but relatively unknown effects on important aspects of neurobiological functioning. Using data from 154 adolescents (age M ± SD = 16.2 ± 1.1...

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Main Authors: Justin P. Yuan, Lauren R. Borchers, Yoonji Lee, Jessica L. Buthmann, Saché M. Coury, Julian Joachimsthaler, Emma L. Jaeger, Tiffany C. Ho, Ian H. Gotlib
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-08-01
Series:Translational Psychiatry
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03485-2
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author Justin P. Yuan
Lauren R. Borchers
Yoonji Lee
Jessica L. Buthmann
Saché M. Coury
Julian Joachimsthaler
Emma L. Jaeger
Tiffany C. Ho
Ian H. Gotlib
author_facet Justin P. Yuan
Lauren R. Borchers
Yoonji Lee
Jessica L. Buthmann
Saché M. Coury
Julian Joachimsthaler
Emma L. Jaeger
Tiffany C. Ho
Ian H. Gotlib
author_sort Justin P. Yuan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns were an unprecedented source of stress, with striking adverse effects on adolescents’ mental health but relatively unknown effects on important aspects of neurobiological functioning. Using data from 154 adolescents (age M ± SD = 16.2 ± 1.1 years; range = 13.9–19.4) drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study and assessed either before or after the pandemic, we compared the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic groups on three key stress-sensitive biological systems: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune response, and neural responses to affective stimuli. We found that compared to those assessed before the pandemic, adolescents assessed post-lockdown had significantly lower total cortisol production, elevated levels of systemic inflammation, and reduced neural activation in the prefrontal cortex during affective processing (pseudo-F(1,3250) = 7.43, p = 0.006). These findings suggest that, for adolescents, the experience of the pandemic was associated with significant disruptions in multiple biological systems that are sensitive to stress that might have enduring adverse developmental effects.
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spelling doaj-art-f2397fa6a0da4e86abac0eb0486d61ec2025-08-20T03:46:15ZengNature Publishing GroupTranslational Psychiatry2158-31882025-08-011511810.1038/s41398-025-03485-2The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescentsJustin P. Yuan0Lauren R. Borchers1Yoonji Lee2Jessica L. Buthmann3Saché M. Coury4Julian Joachimsthaler5Emma L. Jaeger6Tiffany C. Ho7Ian H. Gotlib8Dept. of Psychology, Stanford UniversityDept. of Psychology, Stanford UniversityDept. of Psychology, Stanford UniversityDept. of Psychology, Stanford UniversityDept. of Psychology, Stanford UniversityDept. of Psychology, Stanford UniversityDept. of Psychology, Stanford UniversityDept. of Psychology, University of CaliforniaDept. of Psychology, Stanford UniversityAbstract The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns were an unprecedented source of stress, with striking adverse effects on adolescents’ mental health but relatively unknown effects on important aspects of neurobiological functioning. Using data from 154 adolescents (age M ± SD = 16.2 ± 1.1 years; range = 13.9–19.4) drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study and assessed either before or after the pandemic, we compared the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic groups on three key stress-sensitive biological systems: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune response, and neural responses to affective stimuli. We found that compared to those assessed before the pandemic, adolescents assessed post-lockdown had significantly lower total cortisol production, elevated levels of systemic inflammation, and reduced neural activation in the prefrontal cortex during affective processing (pseudo-F(1,3250) = 7.43, p = 0.006). These findings suggest that, for adolescents, the experience of the pandemic was associated with significant disruptions in multiple biological systems that are sensitive to stress that might have enduring adverse developmental effects.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03485-2
spellingShingle Justin P. Yuan
Lauren R. Borchers
Yoonji Lee
Jessica L. Buthmann
Saché M. Coury
Julian Joachimsthaler
Emma L. Jaeger
Tiffany C. Ho
Ian H. Gotlib
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescents
Translational Psychiatry
title The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescents
title_full The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescents
title_fullStr The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescents
title_full_unstemmed The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescents
title_short The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescents
title_sort effects of the covid 19 pandemic on neurobiological functioning in adolescents
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03485-2
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