Optimizing Citrullus lanatus seed-based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater
This present study explores a wastewater treatment process through an alum-watermelon seed coagulant that can help alleviate the Gibe River nutrient impact, which has been adversely affected by agricultural runoff. Various ratios of alum to watermelon seed powder were tested, i.e., 1:3, 3:1, and 1:1...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Scientific African |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625001565 |
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| author | Yared Endale Abreham Bekele Bayu Zerihun Asmelash Samuel Seifu Kebede Eliza Kulbat |
| author_facet | Yared Endale Abreham Bekele Bayu Zerihun Asmelash Samuel Seifu Kebede Eliza Kulbat |
| author_sort | Yared Endale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This present study explores a wastewater treatment process through an alum-watermelon seed coagulant that can help alleviate the Gibe River nutrient impact, which has been adversely affected by agricultural runoff. Various ratios of alum to watermelon seed powder were tested, i.e., 1:3, 3:1, and 1:1. The results indicated that 1:3 was the best ratio and had efficiencies of removal 98.28 % for phosphate, 98.92 % for nitrate, 98.27 % for total dissolved solids, 96.11 % for biochemical oxygen demand, and 95.29 % for chemical oxygen demand. Maximum efficiencies were found at pH 3, 0.4 g/L dosage, 15 minutes contact time, and 40 minutes settling time. The results show that the watermelon seed coagulant blended with commercial alum at a ratio of 1:3 is the ideal blend for wastewater treatment of the highly contaminated Gibe River. The treatment not only improves the removal of the major pollutants but is also an eco-friendly and low-cost wastewater treatment process. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f1f61021663a439cbd2e25db5b2af78e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2468-2276 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific African |
| spelling | doaj-art-f1f61021663a439cbd2e25db5b2af78e2025-08-20T03:10:30ZengElsevierScientific African2468-22762025-06-0128e0268610.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02686Optimizing Citrullus lanatus seed-based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewaterYared Endale0Abreham Bekele Bayu1Zerihun Asmelash Samuel2Seifu Kebede3Eliza Kulbat4Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Bosa Addis , 378, Jimma, EthiopiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Bosa Addis B-5403, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Corresponding author.Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Bosa Addis , 378, Jimma, EthiopiaFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Bosa Addis , 378, Jimma, EthiopiaFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandThis present study explores a wastewater treatment process through an alum-watermelon seed coagulant that can help alleviate the Gibe River nutrient impact, which has been adversely affected by agricultural runoff. Various ratios of alum to watermelon seed powder were tested, i.e., 1:3, 3:1, and 1:1. The results indicated that 1:3 was the best ratio and had efficiencies of removal 98.28 % for phosphate, 98.92 % for nitrate, 98.27 % for total dissolved solids, 96.11 % for biochemical oxygen demand, and 95.29 % for chemical oxygen demand. Maximum efficiencies were found at pH 3, 0.4 g/L dosage, 15 minutes contact time, and 40 minutes settling time. The results show that the watermelon seed coagulant blended with commercial alum at a ratio of 1:3 is the ideal blend for wastewater treatment of the highly contaminated Gibe River. The treatment not only improves the removal of the major pollutants but is also an eco-friendly and low-cost wastewater treatment process.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625001565PhosphateNitrateNatural coagulantsSynthetic coagulantResource recoveryOptimization |
| spellingShingle | Yared Endale Abreham Bekele Bayu Zerihun Asmelash Samuel Seifu Kebede Eliza Kulbat Optimizing Citrullus lanatus seed-based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater Scientific African Phosphate Nitrate Natural coagulants Synthetic coagulant Resource recovery Optimization |
| title | Optimizing Citrullus lanatus seed-based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater |
| title_full | Optimizing Citrullus lanatus seed-based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Citrullus lanatus seed-based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Citrullus lanatus seed-based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater |
| title_short | Optimizing Citrullus lanatus seed-based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater |
| title_sort | optimizing citrullus lanatus seed based coagulation for enhanced phosphate and nitrate removal from agricultural wastewater |
| topic | Phosphate Nitrate Natural coagulants Synthetic coagulant Resource recovery Optimization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625001565 |
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