Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic review

Abstract Background Health system responsiveness (HSR) is the ability to respond to universal legitimate expectations of service consumers. This contributes to achieving short and long-term health sector goals, such as universal health coverage. However, no comprehensive summary of evidence exists o...

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Main Authors: Ayal Debie, Molla M. Wassie, Claire T. Roberts, Meseret Derbew Molla, Annabelle Wilson, Jacqueline H. Stephens
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07995-1
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author Ayal Debie
Molla M. Wassie
Claire T. Roberts
Meseret Derbew Molla
Annabelle Wilson
Jacqueline H. Stephens
author_facet Ayal Debie
Molla M. Wassie
Claire T. Roberts
Meseret Derbew Molla
Annabelle Wilson
Jacqueline H. Stephens
author_sort Ayal Debie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Health system responsiveness (HSR) is the ability to respond to universal legitimate expectations of service consumers. This contributes to achieving short and long-term health sector goals, such as universal health coverage. However, no comprehensive summary of evidence exists on how HSR can achieve universal maternal health services. Therefore, we aim to examine the successes, challenges, and strategies of HSR toward universal maternity care in East Africa using a mixed-methods systematic review. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review of studies published from 1 January 2020 to 8 June 2024. Articles were searched using six databases: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest. We used three main search terms: HSR, maternal health, and East Africa. A mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality and methodological validity of the studies. We then analysed and synthesised the data using the World Health Organization (WHO) HSR framework components. Results A total of 72 articles (23 quantitative, 15 mixed-method, and 34 qualitative articles) were included. This review revealed that the responsiveness of obstetric services ranged from 45.8 to 75.6%. Challenges contributing to poor HSR, include limited decision-making autonomy, breaches of confidentiality, non-dignified care, poor communication, delay in care, and unhygienic maternity care. However, maintaining confidentiality, providing abuse-free care, permitting companions, and ensuring informed consent improved responsiveness of maternity care. Conclusion The included studies reported wide ranges of the overall HSR and its specific domains for maternity care. Unresponsive health system remains a significant challenge for achieving universal access to maternal healthcare services. As such, HSR continues to hinder quality of maternal healthcare and its utilisation. Ensuring responsive maternity services requires continuous attention from policymakers, managers, and healthcare providers. Strengthening HSR will promote inclusive, effective, and respectful care that safeguards women’s rights and ensures equitable care regardless of their circumstances.
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spelling doaj-art-f1df2cfb8fb4455b8ddae14ddf8f8b712025-08-24T11:56:22ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-08-0125111910.1186/s12884-025-07995-1Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic reviewAyal Debie0Molla M. Wassie1Claire T. Roberts2Meseret Derbew Molla3Annabelle Wilson4Jacqueline H. Stephens5College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders UniversityCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders UniversityCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders UniversityCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders UniversityCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders UniversityCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders UniversityAbstract Background Health system responsiveness (HSR) is the ability to respond to universal legitimate expectations of service consumers. This contributes to achieving short and long-term health sector goals, such as universal health coverage. However, no comprehensive summary of evidence exists on how HSR can achieve universal maternal health services. Therefore, we aim to examine the successes, challenges, and strategies of HSR toward universal maternity care in East Africa using a mixed-methods systematic review. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review of studies published from 1 January 2020 to 8 June 2024. Articles were searched using six databases: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest. We used three main search terms: HSR, maternal health, and East Africa. A mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality and methodological validity of the studies. We then analysed and synthesised the data using the World Health Organization (WHO) HSR framework components. Results A total of 72 articles (23 quantitative, 15 mixed-method, and 34 qualitative articles) were included. This review revealed that the responsiveness of obstetric services ranged from 45.8 to 75.6%. Challenges contributing to poor HSR, include limited decision-making autonomy, breaches of confidentiality, non-dignified care, poor communication, delay in care, and unhygienic maternity care. However, maintaining confidentiality, providing abuse-free care, permitting companions, and ensuring informed consent improved responsiveness of maternity care. Conclusion The included studies reported wide ranges of the overall HSR and its specific domains for maternity care. Unresponsive health system remains a significant challenge for achieving universal access to maternal healthcare services. As such, HSR continues to hinder quality of maternal healthcare and its utilisation. Ensuring responsive maternity services requires continuous attention from policymakers, managers, and healthcare providers. Strengthening HSR will promote inclusive, effective, and respectful care that safeguards women’s rights and ensures equitable care regardless of their circumstances.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07995-1East africaHealth system responsivenessMaternal health serviceUniversal
spellingShingle Ayal Debie
Molla M. Wassie
Claire T. Roberts
Meseret Derbew Molla
Annabelle Wilson
Jacqueline H. Stephens
Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic review
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
East africa
Health system responsiveness
Maternal health service
Universal
title Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic review
title_full Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic review
title_fullStr Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic review
title_short Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic review
title_sort health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in east africa a mixed methods systematic review
topic East africa
Health system responsiveness
Maternal health service
Universal
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07995-1
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