Etiology and Anatomical Location of Uveitis—Prognostic Factors for Disease Course and Laterality
Background: Uveitis encompasses a broad group of diseases with infectious and non-infectious etiologies, potentially leading to permanent and irreversible visual impairment. This study aimed to determine whether the etiology and anatomical location of uveitis influence the course and laterality of t...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Vesela Todorova Mitkova-Hristova Marin Anguelov Atanassov |
| author_facet | Vesela Todorova Mitkova-Hristova Marin Anguelov Atanassov |
| author_sort | Vesela Todorova Mitkova-Hristova |
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| description | Background: Uveitis encompasses a broad group of diseases with infectious and non-infectious etiologies, potentially leading to permanent and irreversible visual impairment. This study aimed to determine whether the etiology and anatomical location of uveitis influence the course and laterality of the disease. Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with uveitis treated at the University Eye Clinic of “St. George” University Hospital in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, between January 2011 and December 2023. All participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination and minimal laboratory screening, with additional tests and specialist consultations performed when necessary. Uveitis cases were categorized into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis according to anatomical location; unilateral or bilateral according to laterality; and acute, chronic, or recurrent based on disease course. Results: The study included 606 patients aged between 3 and 87 years. The etiology and anatomical location of uveitis were significantly associated with the course and laterality of the disease (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Anterior and posterior uveitis were mostly unilateral, with a defined cause and characterized by acute or recurring progression. Intermediate uveitis was mostly idiopathic and chronic, while panuveitis had a more uniform distribution regarding disease progression. Among cases with a determined etiology, <i>HLA-B27</i>-associated uveitis was the most common (32.5%), characterized by sequential involvement of both eyes and a recurrent course. Viral and toxoplasmic uveitis were more frequently unilateral. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the etiology and anatomical location of uveitis can serve as prognostic factors for contralateral eye involvement and the progression of the inflammatory process. We found that anterior and posterior uveitis were predominantly unilateral and typically presented with an acute or recurrent course, whereas intermediate uveitis and panuveitis were more commonly chronic. In men, uveitis more often had an acute onset, while in women, it tended to follow a chronic course. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-f12da50d55af48019253f8fa62e1f76b2025-08-20T03:27:19ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-05-0115688210.3390/life15060882Etiology and Anatomical Location of Uveitis—Prognostic Factors for Disease Course and LateralityVesela Todorova Mitkova-Hristova0Marin Anguelov Atanassov1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaBackground: Uveitis encompasses a broad group of diseases with infectious and non-infectious etiologies, potentially leading to permanent and irreversible visual impairment. This study aimed to determine whether the etiology and anatomical location of uveitis influence the course and laterality of the disease. Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with uveitis treated at the University Eye Clinic of “St. George” University Hospital in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, between January 2011 and December 2023. All participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination and minimal laboratory screening, with additional tests and specialist consultations performed when necessary. Uveitis cases were categorized into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis according to anatomical location; unilateral or bilateral according to laterality; and acute, chronic, or recurrent based on disease course. Results: The study included 606 patients aged between 3 and 87 years. The etiology and anatomical location of uveitis were significantly associated with the course and laterality of the disease (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Anterior and posterior uveitis were mostly unilateral, with a defined cause and characterized by acute or recurring progression. Intermediate uveitis was mostly idiopathic and chronic, while panuveitis had a more uniform distribution regarding disease progression. Among cases with a determined etiology, <i>HLA-B27</i>-associated uveitis was the most common (32.5%), characterized by sequential involvement of both eyes and a recurrent course. Viral and toxoplasmic uveitis were more frequently unilateral. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the etiology and anatomical location of uveitis can serve as prognostic factors for contralateral eye involvement and the progression of the inflammatory process. We found that anterior and posterior uveitis were predominantly unilateral and typically presented with an acute or recurrent course, whereas intermediate uveitis and panuveitis were more commonly chronic. In men, uveitis more often had an acute onset, while in women, it tended to follow a chronic course.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/6/882uveitisepidemiologydisease courseanatomical location<i>HLA-B27</i>-associated uveitis |
| spellingShingle | Vesela Todorova Mitkova-Hristova Marin Anguelov Atanassov Etiology and Anatomical Location of Uveitis—Prognostic Factors for Disease Course and Laterality Life uveitis epidemiology disease course anatomical location <i>HLA-B27</i>-associated uveitis |
| title | Etiology and Anatomical Location of Uveitis—Prognostic Factors for Disease Course and Laterality |
| title_full | Etiology and Anatomical Location of Uveitis—Prognostic Factors for Disease Course and Laterality |
| title_fullStr | Etiology and Anatomical Location of Uveitis—Prognostic Factors for Disease Course and Laterality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Etiology and Anatomical Location of Uveitis—Prognostic Factors for Disease Course and Laterality |
| title_short | Etiology and Anatomical Location of Uveitis—Prognostic Factors for Disease Course and Laterality |
| title_sort | etiology and anatomical location of uveitis prognostic factors for disease course and laterality |
| topic | uveitis epidemiology disease course anatomical location <i>HLA-B27</i>-associated uveitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/6/882 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT veselatodorovamitkovahristova etiologyandanatomicallocationofuveitisprognosticfactorsfordiseasecourseandlaterality AT marinanguelovatanassov etiologyandanatomicallocationofuveitisprognosticfactorsfordiseasecourseandlaterality |