Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Arabic Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey-6 among Saudi Adults

Background: Perceived social support represents a key factor influencing both mental and physical health, yet brief Arabic measures are scarce. Objectives: To assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the abbreviated 6-item Medical Outcomes Study–Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS-6) a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mohsen M. Alyami, Abdulsalam A. Alasmari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-07-01
Series:Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_767_24
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Summary:Background: Perceived social support represents a key factor influencing both mental and physical health, yet brief Arabic measures are scarce. Objectives: To assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the abbreviated 6-item Medical Outcomes Study–Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS-6) among Saudi adults. Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms to assess perceived social support, psychological distress, quality of life (QoL), and coping. Cronbach’s alpha (α), McDonald’s omega (ω), and corrected item-total correlations were used to evaluate the scale’s reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on 50% of the sample, using maximum likelihood with varimax rotation to identify factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated the model in the other 50%, with fit assessed through RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI, and other indices. Concurrent validity was evaluated through Pearson’s correlations with relevant psychological measures. Results: A total of 1028 Saudi adults completed the questionnaire. Suitability of the data for EFA was supported by a strong KMO value (0.83) and significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity (P < 0.001). Parallel analysis indicated that a three-factor solution was optimal, explaining 80% of the variance. CFA confirmed this model with excellent fit indices (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.02, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.95). Negative relationships with depression (r = −0.24, P < 0.01) and anxiety (r = −0.17, P < 0.01), and a positive correlation with QoL (r = 0.37, P < 0.01) and adaptive coping strategies provided evidence for concurrent validity. The Arabic MOS-SSS-6 exhibited high internal consistency (α = 0.90, ω = 0.90). Conclusions: The Arabic MOS-SSS-6 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perceived social support among Saudi adults, demonstrating significant correlations with psychological variables relevant for psychological assessments and interventions.
ISSN:1658-631X
2321-4856